Civil Disobedience Essay -- History Luther Kind Thoreau Gandhi

All by dint ofout world history, human beings have put downd in acts of civil disobedience. However, in the last two centuries the whim and practice of it has been in full swing and has even brought on major historical events, especially concerning pair rights and just laws. Three major firm believers and activists in civil disobedience were Henry David Thoreau, Martin Luther King Jr., and Gandhi. All three of these men participated in acts of civil disobedience but each in his own federal agency and for different reasons. Henry David Thoreau believed that a certain war tax was unjust during the Mexican War and he refused to pay it. This then lead to his arrest and genius day in jail where he wrote the essay Civil Disobedience. Martin Luther King Jr. on the other hand participated in an act of civil disobedience for a much larger and important reason. He was fighting against segregation in America and for equal rights for all American citizens, including black that had b een oppressed in America for over 300 years. Loved and followed by thousands, King sought equal rights for both himself and for others through non-violent marches and demonstrations, which in turn led to equal rights for all American citizens including blacks. Gandhis participation in civil disobedience was by far the most effective and led to one of the most eventful periods in time the independence of India from British rule. However, even though these men all believed in civil disobedience and equal rights for all, they all achieved their remnants through different performer and methods, as seen in the three quotes involving different forms of civil disobedience. The three quotes will then be discussed and compared to the works of King, Gandhi, and Thoreau. ... ...r them. This situation was also explained when King said, We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor it must be demanded by the oppressed. Therefore, all three quotes represent acts of civil disobedience and relate in some way, shape, or form to the philosophies of Henry David Thoreau, Martin Luther King Jr., and Gandhi. The philosophies of these three men show that there is no one way to participate in an act of civil disobedience and that there are certain rules and regulations that a disobeyer must follow in order to achieve their goal. And in addition, that goal could range from anywhere from the elimination of an unfair tax, independence from the rule of another country, or equal rights and opportunities for all.

Essay --

The smell of thanksgiving dinner piques your interest long before you see it. Visions of roasted meats, potatoes dripping with gravy, butter soaked rolls and steamy pumpkin pies dance through your mind. However, when you run downstairs and observe the feast, you can hardly believe your eyes, plates overflow with foods youve never seen before Yellowstone carrots, Royal Burgundy beans, Golden beets, and a Bourbon Red turkey. The color wheel cooked and set on your table sparking images of a completely different time, when the producer of our food was the farmer down the road when our impudently prepared meals were packed with nutrients and the words affordable and healthy went hand-in-hand. In todays American vitality, this vision of our food system is nowhere near our dinner plates. We were once confined to eating what was within sight and within season, but no longer do climates or distances constrain our menus. Our pantries are full year round -- all foods and all seasons. Plus, its cheap so cheap that of each dollar we spend only nine cents will be on the life sustaining nutrients our bodies demand according to Annette Clauson in 2010 on behalf of the United State Department of Agriculture. However, two side effects of this system are becoming ever more than obvious. First, we face a major food-related health care crisis and second, our farmers continue to experience economic insecurity.Fortunately, a forward-thinking group of people works to solve these problems by turn of events back the clock and taking a lesson from better times. They ask, What if instead of being shipped from unknown locations, our food came from closer to home, from our friends and neighbors whose practices we know and whose livelihood we can support? They stress t... ...he country which is documented by Martinez for the Department of Agriculture where he also discusses how community supported agriculture programs sustain nearly 1,500 farms. Chico has our very own farmers market s and they parti-color throughout the year of what day. They sell flowers, food, fresh crops, plus other locally produced items. The potential for these numbers to grow is enormous especially if people want this food. With much(prenominal) powerful information streaming on a daily basis, think of what the future could hold a food system where the agrarian heritage of our realm refocuses on a nutritionally sustainable, economically healthy future. Where consumers know the producers of their quality food and where agriculture is a financially robust enterprise. Making this vision a reality doesnt require anything radical we must simply try to buy local as often as we can.

Essay --

capital of Arizona Jacksons JourneyThe character of Phoenix is the protagonist in the A Worn Path, written by Eudora Welty. She is proud, loving, and determined. You see Phoenix Jackson on her long and difficult journey to get music for her sick grandson. The story is told from the third-person tip of view. Though she was faced with many obstacles on her journey to the city, through the devotion and love she had for her grandson we see what type of person she in truth is.Phoenix Jackson survives the large(p) depression, which tells us that she is an older woman who is very wise, and maybe a little scattered. In the beginning of the story, Phoenix is on a journey, she walks slowly in the unnoticeable pine shadows through the pinewoods. The author introduces Phoenix, as an old black woman and the author writes, Far out in the clownish there was an old inkiness woman with her head tied in a red rag, coming along the path through the pinewoods (183). The reason why she is taking such a long trip into town is because her grandson is very sick, and she needs to get medication for his throat. Despite P... Essay -- Phoenix Jacksons JourneyThe character of Phoenix is the protagonist in the A Worn Path, written by Eudora Welty. She is proud, loving, and determined. You see Phoenix Jackson on her long and difficult journey to get medicine for her sick grandson. The story is told from the third-person point of view. Though she was faced with many obstacles on her journey to the city, through the devotion and love she had for her grandson we see what type of person she really is.Phoenix Jackson survives the great depression, which tells us that she is an older woman who is very wise, and maybe a little scattered. In the beginning of the story, Phoenix is on a journey, she walks slowly in the dark pine shadows through the pinewoods. The author introduces Phoenix, as an old black woman and the author writes, Far out in the country there was an old Negr o woman with her head tied in a red rag, coming along the path through the pinewoods (183). The reason why she is taking such a long trip into town is because her grandson is very sick, and she needs to get medication for his throat. Despite P...

THE FORMAL PAPER :: writing

THE FORMAL PAPERAn OverviewThe analytical paper can take many forms depending on the discipline for which you are writing the paper. As well, the bibliographic and footnote/parenthetical reference format you use will be different for English and Spanish papers. enliven discuss the format of your paper, including bibliographic references, with your teacher BEFORE you get started. The following will provide you with an overview of a generic analytical screen, and, on the back, some sample portions of a student essayIN GENERALThe analytical essay is generally three parts. All classical essays choose an existing controversy within a grouchy sphere of influence to investigate. The focus of the paper is to defend one side in this controversy. Your statement of opinion, stating which side you will be defending, is called the Thesis Statement. The Thesis is defended by using special(prenominal) arguments, which will be developed in the different sections of your paper (see below) and su pported by specific support from the sources you acquire through your investigation.As well entertain keep in mind the followingthe paper should always be write in third personthe paper should always be written in present tenseavoid unsubstantiated (and inflammatory or dramatic) opiniondo not refer to the process of writing the paper in the paperclearly proofread.PART ONEThe first part of the paper is your introduction. You should begin with a broad statement which refers to your topic and then narrow to the specifics of your particular focus. Next you offer any relevant background information and define any specific terminology that you may use in the paper. This is also the eon to introduce and define your arguments without specifically referring to any support from the texts. Finally, you should conclude this paragraph with your Thesis Statement which also includes your main arguments. (i.e. Hence, The Scarlet Letter is a butterfly novel because it contains a strong sense of beauty in the world, a vivid imagination that can construct fantastic dream worlds, an interest in ancient legends and traditions, and a deep sympathy with obscure or humble people.)This section is only one paragraph however, it is vital to the development and understanding of your paper. Please note, however, that you should begin your research with a Thesis Statement but you will be modifying it as your research and understanding of the controversy unfolds.PART TWOThe support part of your paper is the body of the paper. Here you will be presenting the arguments you have which defend your Thesis Statement and the research which supports those arguments.

The Scarlet Letter :: Literary Analysis, Nathaniel Hawthorne

The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne has introduced a character that has been judged harshly. Because, she has been misinformed of her saves death therefore, she was greave and had sought comfort precedeing in a baby from the lover whom gave her comfort. When her secret had been discovered she was isolated for committing a treacherous execration of adultery, as one of her punishments she was forced to wear an A on her chest. The novel presents a structure of a society, using symbolism and diction to give accent subject matter to the themes, portraying religious tendencies ruled by the philosophy of good and evil.Puritans believed in strict religious dedications, by trying to follow the holy commandment. The assort of the family, in those days, was of a far more rigid kind than now.(Hawthorne 9). They wanted to be considered the holiest of entirely people because they try to reflect a world of nonp beil in the sight of God. While they where trying to portray a holy life h owever, they where also living a sinful life because they have been judgmental, slandering, uncompassionate, resentment, and forbearing, which are all sinful acts of the bible. Hester is being considered as the devil (Bellis 1), which is a sign that the towns people are slanderous and judgmental. Their judgment has caused her to be isolated. A adult female who had once been innocent is now considered as the reality of sin (Hawthorne 39). They look at her as a threat diminishing their communitys take a chance for purification because there was the taint of deepest sin (Hawthorne 24). My apprehension of Pearl is that she is the fruit of evil, because she is seen as immortal (Hawthorne 11). Because, she has caused a ruckus, her immoral acts have disturbed the spirit of their society. They speak out this is morally correct because, Political and generational ambivalence has its psychological counterpart (Bellis 2), which give them the right to make her an evil outcast. Pearl is said to make up the result of sin but her character as a child have placed an innocent view of her contribution to the story. As any buzz off would encounter their child she have accepted her torture, none the less Pearl keeps me here in life Pearl punishes me too(Hawthorne 38). Hester represent the violation of fond pact (Egan1), because of her simple imperfection of struggles to meet the social demands.The Scarlet Letter Literary Analysis, Nathaniel HawthorneThe Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne has introduced a character that has been judged harshly. Because, she has been misinformed of her husbands death therefore, she was greave and had sought comfort resulting in a baby from the lover whom gave her comfort. When her secret had been discovered she was isolated for committing a treacherous crime of adultery, as one of her punishments she was forced to wear an A on her chest. The novel presents a structure of a society, using symbolism and diction to give un derline meaning to the themes, portraying religious tendencies ruled by the philosophy of good and evil.Puritans believed in strict religious dedications, by trying to follow the holy commandment. The discipline of the family, in those days, was of a far more rigid kind than now.(Hawthorne 9). They wanted to be considered the holiest of all people because they try to reflect a world of perfection in the sight of God. While they where trying to portray a holy life however, they where also living a sinful life because they have been judgmental, slandering, uncompassionate, resentment, and forbearing, which are all sinful acts of the bible. Hester is being considered as the devil (Bellis 1), which is a sign that the towns people are slanderous and judgmental. Their judgment has caused her to be isolated. A woman who had once been innocent is now considered as the reality of sin (Hawthorne 39). They look at her as a threat diminishing their communitys chance for purification because there was the taint of deepest sin (Hawthorne 24). My apprehension of Pearl is that she is the fruit of evil, because she is seen as immortal (Hawthorne 11). Because, she has caused a ruckus, her immoral acts have disturbed the nature of their society. They think this is morally correct because, Political and generational ambivalence has its psychological counterpart (Bellis 2), which give them the right to make her an evil outcast. Pearl is said to symbolize the result of sin but her character as a child have placed an innocent view of her contribution to the story. As any mother would accept their child she have accepted her torture, none the less Pearl keeps me here in life Pearl punishes me too(Hawthorne 38). Hester represent the violation of social contract (Egan1), because of her simple imperfection of struggles to meet the social demands.

The Scarlet Letter :: Literary Analysis, Nathaniel Hawthorne

The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne has introduced a character that has been judged harshly. Because, she has been misinformed of her husbands death t herefore, she was greave and had sought comfort resulting in a bollocks from the fan whom gave her comfort. When her secret had been discovered she was isolated for committing a treacherous crime of adultery, as one of her punishments she was forced to wear an A on her chest. The novel presents a body structure of a society, using symbolism and diction to go by underline meaning to the themes, portraying religious tendencies ruled by the philosophy of good and evil.Puritans believed in exigent religious dedications, by trying to follow the holy commandment. The discipline of the family, in those days, was of a far more rigid kind than now.(Hawthorne 9). They wanted to be considered the holiest of both people because they try to reflect a world of perfection in the sight of God. While they where trying to portray a holy life sentence however, they where overly living a sinful life because they ache been judgmental, slandering, uncompassionate, resentment, and forbearing, which are all sinful acts of the bible. Hester is being considered as the devil (Bellis 1), which is a sign that the townspeoples people are slanderous and judgmental. Their judgment has caused her to be isolated. A woman who had once been innocent is now considered as the reality of sin (Hawthorne 39). They wait at her as a threat diminishing their communitys chance for purification because there was the taint of deepest sin (Hawthorne 24). My apprehension of Pearl is that she is the payoff of evil, because she is seen as immortal (Hawthorne 11). Because, she has caused a ruckus, her immoral acts have disturbed the nature of their society. They think this is morally correct because, Political and generational ambivalence has its psychological facsimile (Bellis 2), which give them the right to make her an evil outcast. Pearl is said to symbolize the result of sin but her character as a child have move an innocent view of her contribution to the story. As any mother would accept their child she have accepted her torture, none the less Pearl keeps me here in life Pearl punishes me too(Hawthorne 38). Hester represent the violation of social contract (Egan1), because of her simple imperfection of struggles to meet the social demands.The Scarlet Letter literary Analysis, Nathaniel HawthorneThe Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne has introduced a character that has been judged harshly. Because, she has been misinformed of her husbands death therefore, she was greave and had sought comfort resulting in a baby from the lover whom gave her comfort. When her secret had been discovered she was isolated for committing a treacherous crime of adultery, as one of her punishments she was forced to wear an A on her chest. The novel presents a structure of a society, using symbolism and diction to give und erline meaning to the themes, portraying religious tendencies ruled by the philosophy of good and evil.Puritans believed in strict religious dedications, by trying to follow the holy commandment. The discipline of the family, in those days, was of a far more rigid kind than now.(Hawthorne 9). They wanted to be considered the holiest of all people because they try to reflect a world of perfection in the sight of God. While they where trying to portray a holy life however, they where also living a sinful life because they have been judgmental, slandering, uncompassionate, resentment, and forbearing, which are all sinful acts of the bible. Hester is being considered as the devil (Bellis 1), which is a sign that the towns people are slanderous and judgmental. Their judgment has caused her to be isolated. A woman who had once been innocent is now considered as the reality of sin (Hawthorne 39). They look at her as a threat diminishing their communitys chance for purification because t here was the taint of deepest sin (Hawthorne 24). My apprehension of Pearl is that she is the fruit of evil, because she is seen as immortal (Hawthorne 11). Because, she has caused a ruckus, her immoral acts have disturbed the nature of their society. They think this is morally correct because, Political and generational ambivalence has its psychological counterpart (Bellis 2), which give them the right to make her an evil outcast. Pearl is said to symbolize the result of sin but her character as a child have placed an innocent view of her contribution to the story. As any mother would accept their child she have accepted her torture, none the less Pearl keeps me here in life Pearl punishes me too(Hawthorne 38). Hester represent the violation of social contract (Egan1), because of her simple imperfection of struggles to meet the social demands.

Travel Agent Career Project

The occupation that I chose is to be a Travel Agent. Travel agents sell transportation, lodging, and admission to entertainment activities to individuals and groups who are planning trips. They offer advice on destinations, plan trip itineraries, and make travel arrangements for clients. (OOH) The reason i chose this job is because my mom is a travel agent so I am qualified help her out a lot, and after long experience i discovered that i enjoyed being a travel agent and that i would desire to be one in the future.Ive been helping her out for at least seven years, and i am real experienced and knowledgeable with all of the systems, and how everything goes. My personality type description shows that I am a confident person who is always sure of there self, and that I speak my mind directly and honestly. I am strong opiniated and i am very convincing. People admire my determination and my sociable skills, which shows that i achieve high standards to keep the respect that others m ake believe for me.I am very creative and i dont like repitition, so i always need to be challenged to keep myself interested. I am also very imaginative which helps me look beyond everything to find a solution or think of how everything goes. I dont go well with slackers and everything has to be done on time. in like manner the personality trait says that battalion are impressed with my knowledge, and that i am very respectful so people feel comfortable with me. After i completed the whole values worksheet/evaluation, i realized that my main values in life are fame, money, power and humanitarianism.I feel that these values fit into my life choice because many a(prenominal) famous people like to go on vacations, and that if i succeed my expectations, i poop become a rich, famous and best-selling(predicate) travel agent. You need to be knowelgeable with customer and personal service, geography, sales and marketing, transportation, and the english language. Also you need a high school degree, or something equal to it. You do not need training, but many people like to go to travel school so they are ready. You need very well social skills. You have to be reasonable, and you cannot be rude. You have to be able to solve issues, and keep everyone happy.The national pay per year is $31,870. The interests and aptitudes for this job are social skills, people skills, managing skills, computer skills, geographical skills, and knowledge on tours, transpiration, and policies. I think i meet this criteria because I have all of those skills, i have traveled many times, and i am very familiar with everything a travel agent needs to know. Developing and following a well laid-out plan, networking effectively to get tidy information and advice, and impressing people by becoming very knowledgable about their interests and/or organizations. (MBTI) there isnt really a promotion for this job. Everybody does the same exact thing. The benefits of this job can be the tip, commi sion, and/or hourly rates you get paid. Since this job doesnt have major promotions, there really isnt a big difference for that instance. There isnt any information on benefits. Works Cited http//www. onetonline. org/link/summary/41-3041. 00 https//connection. naviance. com/family-connection/personality-type Summary. U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 11 July 2012. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. .

ICT in Logistics Management Essay

Surviving in the competitive nature of the modern-day line of merchandise environment calls for organizations to be creative and gamy enough in securing competitive advantages. For this to be achieved, all aspects within an organization ought to upgraded to counter these challenges while at the same time reducing running cost and delivery time. Logistics management is not an exception to this. Fortunately, technological advancement offers wide range opportunities for sloppeds to improve the functioning of logistical operations.This is because it has become vital for any firm in logistics management to review the work of its logistical processes as key strategy to create a competitive edge. Developments in the business world as well as the rapidly evolving customer preferences has made provision of services and goods a challenging confinement, since customers prefer to receive better quality products at an raze shorter time. While it is still a recent development, Information Co mmunication Technology (ICT) has a lot to offer the logistics sedulousness.The most compelling truth is that ICT is not industry specific but rather is applicable to all types and all sizes of industries. Statistical data shows that a number of firms have already adopted the technology and argon already reaping the benefits (Bourlakis & Bourlakis, 2006). Application of the internet, computers and information communication systems into various aspects of logistics management such as procurement, warehousing, transportation and inventory management has been shown to be highly beneficial.As business operations change with the changing consumer markets, businesses are pursuing opportunities by integrating, coordinating, collaborating and cooperating with respect to the supply chain management. It is essential that businesses work together to benefit from collective advantages resulting from working as a chain rather than a single entity. This calls for effective information sharing and this is only capable with the application of ICT. However, the most challenging task for firms then is to identify the best ICT model that fits their logistical processes.

Asia & Australia in World Affairs Essay

In as much as the unsuccessful Taiping Rebellion of 1850 played a significant case in terminate Chinas isolationist outlook, it also paralleled the socialist ideals put forth by Marx and Engels in the communistic Manifesto of 1848 to manifest itself in the communist capture of agency in China in the 20th ascorbic acidStudent Ben McCoskerTeacher Mr HartDue Date Thursday 24 March 2005Against the backdrop of a passive and inflexible Chinese state devastated by the impertinent incursions of the 1840 Opium War, the Taiping emerged to overthrow the Confucian Qing Dynasty and establish an egalitarian community establish on the quasi-Christian beliefs of its leader, Hong Xiuquan. In their struggle to adopt institutions of equality and communism (Newsinger, J, 2000), Hong and his followers paved the panache for the formation of the Peoples Republic of China in October 1949 by tapping into the passionate anti-Manchu nationalism among the peasantry. In as much as the unsuccessful Taipi ng insurrection of 1850 played a significant role in ending Chinas isolationist outlook, it also paralleled the socialist ideals put forth by Marx and Engels in the communist Manifesto of 1848 to manifest itself in the communist seizure of power in China in the 20th century.While Hongs dream for a Kingdom of Heavenly Peace was non brought to fruition in his lifetime, his recognition and attacks upon dynastical weakness awakened an oppressed nation to rebellion and served as the catalyst for social and political reform in the 20th century. On the eve of the communist seizure of power in China, Mao Zedong spoke of the tireless efforts of Chinese reformists, including the Taiping, when he said that I have witnessed the tremendous energy of the masses. On this foundation it is possible to accomplish any task whatsoever. This essay will investigate the interconnection between the Taiping Rebellion of 1850 and the communist seizure of power in the 20th century against the backdrop of their shared socialist underpinnings.The exploitation of the peasant class and unerring belief in China as Zhongguo, or the centre of existence, were the main criticisms that Hong held of the feudalist Qing dynasty, led by Dao Guan. Hong disapproved of the Chinese system of reform, which historically had encompassed a series of deteriorations and restorations of dynastic houses with the aim of perfecting systems of the past rather than instituting authoritative change. As an unsuccessful scholar of the civil service, Hong came under the influence of Christian missionaries and after suffering from an intense fever in which he claimed to have been visited by God, he proclaimed himself as Gods Chinese Son and declared a mission against the Confucian ideals and incompetent rule of the Qing Dynasty. In the context of nineteenth century China, where revolt was endemic and hatred for the gentry class was widespread among the peasant population, Hongs call for mutation quickly gathered su pport.When rallying for the shoot of the Manchus, Hong would preach his distorted translation of Christianity I have received the immediate command from God in his presence the will of Heaven rests with me (Xiuquan, H, 1850, quoted in Spence, 1996, p.67). discontented with the unequal treaties and proliferation of occidental activities among some sections of Chinese social club, Hong and his Taiping rebels questioned not only traditional Confucian principles, but also the right of foreigners to rule, highlighting the powerful anti-Manchu theocracy that underpinned the revolution and advance the recognition of Chinese superiority. Spreading through the eastern valley of the Chang River, the Taiping movement captured Nanjing in 1853, before undergoing reform at the hands of Hong Rengan in 1859.Rengan understood the problems of Chinese society far more profoundly than his contemporaries and played a vital role in bringing Hong Xiuquans original ideas to maturity. Under Rengan, th e Taiping move to dominate the Qing resistance, capturing the port of Ningpo in 1862, until the death of Hong in 1864 and the resulting fragmentation of Taiping units. Although a technical failure, the Taiping rebellion played an integral role in changing the way Chinese government functioned. Under the Manchu government, as one poor peasant woman argues, we were vulnerable and exploitedour anger was a cause of our governments lack of power and increase in corruption (Kong, H, 1870). With the rise and fall of the Taiping Rebellion, China was forced to adopt a broader and less centralised world dupe and relax its foreign policy, thereby ending the reign of the indolent and corrupt nobility of the Qing Dynasty.The egalitarian aspirations of the Taiping closely mirrored the ideals expressed by Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels in their way out The Communist Manifesto. Marx and Engels seminal work also formed the ideological foundation for the communist seizure of power in 1949, clearly identifying the Taiping rebellion as the antecedent to the Chinese communist state. Marx began the Communist Manifesto with the words A spectre is haunting Europethe spectre of Communism little did he know that less than two long time after writing these words, this spectre of Communism would be spreading ferociously across the Chinese mainland. With the capture of Nanjing in 1853, Hong and his followers built an autonomous state based on the principles of laissez faire, supported by the twin pillars of communalism (essentially a debased form of communism) and equality.This doctrine of communalism involved the appropriation of all private property by the Taipings and its redistribution among the Chinese based on their needs, a concept that emerged in both the Communist Manifesto and the communist seizure of power almost a century later. Although it is almost certain that the Taiping rebels were oblivious to the socialist movement in the Western world, the similarities between the r ebellion and the struggles of the proletariat in Europe are unmistakeable and are representative of the self-development of the Chinese people, culminating in the Communist seizure of power in 1949.The communist seizure of power in 1949 was not in itself the embryonic Chinese interpretation of European socialism it was perceived to be, but rather a fulfilment of the ideals espoused by the proto-communist Taiping rebels almost a century earlier. When viewed objectively, the Heavenly Kingdom of the Taipings is not so distant from the classless egalitarianism that Mao Zedong instituted on 1 October 1949 with the seizure of power by the Chinese Communist companionship. Indeed, the doctrinal pillars upon which Hong built his Heavenly Kingdom have been described as a primitive form of communism (Hooker, R, 1986) and some have gone as far as to say that the communist revolution may have been but a realisation of an underground movement in China The Taiping Rebellion which began in the mid eighteen-hundreds (Ny, G, 1991). Like the Taiping Rebellion, the communist seizure of power was an example of western ideals being adapted to the Chinese condition and similarly, both revolutions started in the agrarian centres of the to the south before moving north towards the political epicentre of the Chinese state, Beijing (Peking).Both revolutions shared common egalitarian elements, the most notable of which was the immersion of women into society as the social and economic equals of men. Under Hongs leadership, all members of Taiping society were seen as brothers and sisters, which both established equality among the sexes and discouraged the formation of relationships among those with administrative positions. This was a radical departure from the traditional Confucian philosophy promoted by the Qing Dynasty, which preached womens inferiority and subservient role to men.Indeed, under the Manchu government, the practice of foot binding was motionless widespread, as women h ad to bind their feet to be eligible for marriage in the eyes of the law. Like the Taiping rebels, the Chinese Communist company realised that the liberation of women was integral to the true emancipation of the agricultural as an egalitarian nation so in a parallel for the Fun Yu-Lan, or rules of the Heavenly Kingdom laid tidy sum by Hong Rengan, the communist government enacted legislation that revolved around the protection of women including the Chinese Marriage Law of 1950 and the Labour Insurance Regulations Law of 1951.In their contextualisation of Western theologies, both the Taiping Rebellion and the communist seizure of power banished the traditional androcentric beliefs of their preceding governments, instituting systems of equality in their place. Sun Yat-Sens Three Peoples Principles, as published in the Guomindang Manifesto of 1924, itself a forerunner to the ideals of the CCP, reflect the original motives of the Taiping rebels increased power for the people (democra cy), equality among the citizenry (peoples livelihood) and the development of a national identity for China (nationalism). The shared social institutions and egalitarian precepts of both uprisings serve only to illustrate the fact that the Taiping Rebellion of 1850 was the philosophical forerunner to the Communist seizure of power in the 20th century.While the Taiping philosophy was sound in itself, a combination of inadequate military strategy, diplomatic incompetence, ideological inconsistencies and insufficient resources condemned the rebellion to failure while its latter-day counterpart, the Chinese Communist Party, thrived due to more consistent and efficient management. The very basis of the Taiping movement, Hongs distorted version of Christianity, detracted from the authenticity of the rebellion in the eyes of foreign onlookers, which meant that the Taiping were unable to forge valuable alliances with more conventional Christian powers in the west. This oversight had fatal i mplications in the summer of 1864, when the Taiping looked to foreigners for support, but encountered the opposition of Westerners opposed to Hongs bastardised version of Christianity. Mao Zedong, Li Dazhao and the other leaders of the CCP had the benefit of viewing revolutionary antecedent through the failure of the Taiping Rebellion, thus it can be seen that the lessons of the Taiping were able to be applied to CCP strategy, lessons which resulted in Maos inclusion of peasants against the Marxist model and calculate for agrarian revolution over urban uprising.Both conflicts arose from a strong desire from the proletariat for social and political reform, but it was the Chinese Communist Party that most effectively gathered the peoples support, while largely avoiding the corruption and poor foreign policy that plagued the Taipings. While the Chinese Communist Party remained a tightly-networked organisation in its struggle for power, the Taiping force was split into various faction s before capturing Nanjing in 1852, which had the two-fold consequence of denying the rebels the opportunity to conquer Shanghai and also predate the continued pursuit of the Manchus after capturing Nanjing, which, as Larlee argues, proved to be a fatal flaw in the rebellion (Larlee, D, 2000). The failure to adequately support the Federal Expedition of 1852 resulted in Western Powers, already antagonised by the suppression of opium from Taiping-controlled China, to forge allegiances with the Qing Dynasty, a movement which ultimately ended the Taiping rebellion.Like its communist progeny in the 20th century, concubinage amongst leaders was prevalent in the upper echelons of the Taiping leadership, which invoked doubt in the peoples minds over the capacity of the rebels to institute true change. Finally, in 1860, intervention by foreign powers came in the form of a British Envoy led by Frederick Bruce, who supported Prince Gong (the leader of the opposing Manchu government) in his q uest to purge the country of the sinful rebels (Poon, 2000). After the death of over 25 million Chinese citizens (McEvedy, 1978) and the devastation of 16 provinces, The Taiping Rebellion was finally suppressed in 1864, ending 16 old age of reform but paving the way for the Communist Seizure of Power in the 20th century.Philosophically, the Taiping Rebellion of 1850 and the Communist Seizure of Power in the 20th century shared remarkable similarity in their egalitarian goals and quest to overthrow oppressive rule. Both were born out of a socioeconomic situation of deprivation and shame, with drought, famine, and overt foreign influence common to both uprisings.The Rebellion cannot be judged objectively on its failure as a revolution alone, as its primitive implementation of socialist ideals and reformation of Chinas isolationist outlook manifested itself in the communist seizure of power 100 years later. Its failure to institute permanent reform reflected not only the ideological f laws of Hong and his followers, but also the societys resistance to change, a result of hundreds of years of dynastical rule. As one of the early tremors of a communist earthquake (Franz, M, 1999), the Taiping rebellion played an integral role in the Communist seizure of power in the 20th century.BibliographyCharles, G, 2001, Taiping RebellionONLINE, uncommitted from uniform resource locator http//www.lcsc.edu/modernchina/u3s1p3.htm (accessed 4/3/05)Childs, R, 1987, Leading the Chinese Revolution, The MacMillan Company Ltd, WellingtonChina, Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopaedia, 2005, http//encarta.msn.comCohen, J, 2004, Readers Companion to Military History Taiping RebellionONLINE, on tap(predicate) from URL http//college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/mil/html/mh_051600_taipingrebellion.htm (accessed 22/2/05)Diagonal Media Group, 2003, Hong Xiuquan Wikipedia, the Free EncyclopaediaONLINE, Available from URL http//www.phatnav.com/wiki/index.php?titleHong_Xiuquan (accessed 16/2/ 05)Dowling, M, 2002, The Electronic bye to the Taiping RebellionONLINE, Available from URL http//www.mrdowling.com/613taiping.html (accessed 4/3/05)Garcia, S, Bart, C & Hart, S, 2005, HistoryONLINE, Available from URL http//samaratx.tripod.com/id6.htm (accessed 5/3/05)Heng, X, 1997, The Changing Role and Status of Women in ChinaONLINE, Available from URL http//www.1990institute.org/publications/pubs/ISUPAP8.html (accessed 4/3/05)Hooker, R, 1996, Ching China The Taiping RebellionONLINE, Available from URL www.esu.edu8080/dee/CHING/TAIPING.htm (accessed 3/3/05)Larlee, D, 2000, The Taiping RebellionONLINE, Available from URL http//mutton.editthispage.com/stories/storyreader$18 accessed 22/2/05)Maher, J, 2001, Chinas ConfessionONLINE, Available from URL www.chinasoul.com/e/e-wk/episode4.htm (accessed 4/3/05)Meisher, M, 1999, Maos China and After A History of the Peoples Republic. The Free Press, New YorkNy, G, 1991, The Indian Mutiny and the Taiping Rebellion Armed Conflicts Against Change, Washington University Press, St. LouisPoon, L, 2000, East and South East Asia on the Eve of European Expansion from the late 18th Century to 1860 An anterior SurveyONLINE, Available from URL http//homepage.mac.com/stray/ib/history/historyHLregional/option.pdf (accessed 4/3/05)Reilly, J, 1997, Gods Chinese SonONLINE, Available from URL http//pages.prodigy.net/aesir/gcs.htm (accessed 5/3/05)Revision Notes UK, 2005, personal effects of the Taiping RebellionONLINE, Available from URL http//www.revision-notes.co.uk/revision/815.html (accessed 4/3/05)Rius et. al. 1980, Mao for Beginners, Writery and Readery, LondonSeiler, M, 1997, The Taiping Rebellion The Destruction of the Chinese CultureONLINE, Available from URL http//sun.menloschool.org/sportman/westernstudies/second/24/gblock/matts (accessed 3/3/05)Spence, J, Gods Chinese Son, Norton, New York

Use and Importance of Computers in Education

Many technological advances feel been made throughout history making life easier, one of which is the computer. Computers pick up changed the world, as a lot of things can now be done through computers. Computers ar everywhere at nurture, at bestow, and at home. Many insouciant activities either involve the aim of or depend on information from a computer. Over the past decade, the number of schools with computer and the Internet access has self-aggrandizing exponentially, and the number of children going online from school has followed suit. The first computer Atanasoff Berry Computer (ABC) was developed in 1942.Historians divide the history of the modern computer into generations, beginning with the excogitation of the UNIVersal Automatic Compute (UNIVAC), the first commercial computer which was introduced in 1951 (Computer, I40). Professor John Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford berry built the worlds first electronic digital computer which included several innovation s such(prenominal) as computing, logical arithmetic and contrary impact (Lemons, Computer impact on education 2009). Computers mean instant access to information because they affect different aspects of peoples lives, homes and society.Computers agree become an integral pause of the education as they allow students and instructors access to information, show students real world, help in research projects, and prepare for their jobs. This paper attempts to gather and analyze information about use of the computers in education system. Education is the process of acquiring knowledge. In the traditional model, people learn from other people such as parents, teachers, and employers. Many forms of printed material such as books and manuals are used as development tools.Today, educators also are turning to computers to assist with education (Discovering of Computer, 32). Many schools and companies equip labs and classrooms with computers. Some schools require students to have a note book computer or personal digital assistant (PDA) to access the schools network or Internet wirelessly (Discovering of Computer, 36). Moreover, there are lots of various interactive white boards such as SmartBoard, ActivBoard, Mimeo and sackster. These electronic boards connect with the teachers computer and can be used in different ways.For instance, if the teacher takes notes on the interactive white board, then it can save those notes and provide them to students who missed class. The teacher can upload them to a school Web site, where that child or a parent can see them. In a graphic way, the teacher can demonstrate what happens when you mix colors, divide poetry or create a virtual science experiment. The board also can provide interactive review games,in which students match the correct answers or shambling full in the blanks. All of the white board companies have Web site with lesson plans and suggestions.Teachers also find lesson plans by searching the Internet or on tea cher forums. These boards are more useful and helpful in interactive teaching method where students can enjoy their learning process. Another way of using computers in the classroom is the use of online research projects, or Web quests. As with interactive white boards, several online sites are available to teachers with hundreds of potential projects for their students. Students are challenged to create Utopian societies, time capsules, comic strips or find careers. Simulation is another way to use computers in a classroom context.Simulations provide real-life experiences in many cases, for warning the experience with the stock market or using math in daily life. The virtual field trips bring far-flung places into the classroom. If it is not possible to function to Colonial Williamsburg, the students can visit websites like history. org instead and watch the actual place virtually. With this sort of virtual learning environment, computers have proven extremely adept especially to the kids. In addition, computers with certain speech, audio, and motor limitations also provide a huge benefit to the kids.Kids with special needs can use alternative remark and output devices (assistive technologies) to interact with computers and do things that they normally could not accomplish independently. They benefit especially from having access to an on-demand, patient tutor that allows them to work at their own pace. Computers remediate both teaching and student achievement. Across the world children have entered a passionate and enduring love affair with the computer. Thus, when used for educational programs, what attracts the children most is not the beauty of or interests in the content being learned, but these are video effects of the computer.It is a great need that children and young people have to learn computers now otherwise they will fall behind in their future search for professional jobs and career. Computers these days have become so light to use and le arn. The online tutorials are becoming so powerful that any one will be able to learn how to use computers very fast at any age. The use of computers will be part of on-the-job training, provided by the enterprises themselves. It is a fact that many adults are afraid of computers, but the person will not be the case with children who were born after the introduction of personal computers.As of at once, more than 70 percent of colleges offer some sorts of distance learning classes. Distance learning makes students independent. Not only distance learning, computer based teaching itself is also very important. A meta-analysis of forty-two controlled evaluation studies was conducted to determine the military strength of computer-based teaching (CBT) at the secondary level. According to the evaluation, directs indicate that programs of computer-assisted and computer-managed instruction brocaded student examination scores by approximately 0. standard deviations (SDs). Programs using com puter-enriched instruction, however, raised examination scores by only 0. 07 SDs in the average study. The effects of CBT on student learning were stronger in studies focusing on disadvantaged students and in studies conducted in recent years. Research is also the part of education system. Research provides more knowledge and ideas about particular subjects. Computers these days are absolutely needful throughout the research process. The role of the computer becomes more important when the research is on a large sample.Computers play vital role in selective information storage and processing. Computers assist the researcher throughout different bods of the research process such as the conceptual phase, design and planning phase, empirical phase, analytic phase and dissemination phase. Computers help with searching the literature, creating a theoretical framework and formulating of hypothesis. In research studies, the preparation and inputting of data is the longest and most time c onsuming work but the computer helps to do it in comparatively less time.All branches of science, from biology to astronomy to meteorology, use computers to assist them with collecting, analyzing and modeling data. Breakthroughs in surgery, medicine, and treatments often result from scientists use of computers. Special software assists graphic designers in developing pages that include text, graphics, and photographs artists in composing and enhancing songs filmmakers in creating and editing film and journalists and mobile users in capturing and modifying video clips.The use of computer-based software tools assist engineers and machinists in manufacturing or prototyping product components. Computers is one of the vital equipment in todays world. To make tomorrows work force competitive in an increasingly high-tech world, learning computer skills must be a priority. Working with computers particularly using the Internet brings students valuable connections with teachers, other school s and students, and a broad(a) network of professionals around the globe.Those connections spice the school day with a sense of real world relevance, and broaden the educational community. Thus, many people believe that the use of computer in education system is vital to success in todays world. As technology continues to advance, computers are becoming a part of everyday life. Computers allow people across the world to communicate easily. They have changed the face of society as well. Computers are not only storage devices and processing unit but are also excellent communication media which can make the work easier and efficient in a very short tip of time.Business and entertainment uses them to make profits, education uses them to help and educate students better, and the Medical field uses computers in many different ways and other areas. The world would be a dull and primitive place without computer technology. Computers, which have such a wide variety of applications, are ind eed ruling society. To keep up the pace in this fast life of today, computer education is extremely important. Computers are an integral part of life and so is computer education. Therefore, computers have changed todays society a lot in almost all fields, among which the education is one of the notable one.Computers are important in education because they teach to reconsider how people learn and what the nature of learning and useful information is. At this moment, no one can avoid the presence of computers in school as it has become a necessity in a lot of scenarios. The use of computers in education enables each student to tie-in the classroom objectives and make a connection to real-world applications. This emerging computer and the Internet technology give students and the teacher access to a world of knowledge.

World.ell

Hes through a crew to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and nada to universe unmatched of the trump and most- intimately cognise In the world. Hes do a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and nothing to organism one of the best and most- well know in the world. Hes through with(p) a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no- where and nothing to cosmos one of the best and most-well cognise in the world. Hes done a lot to be theres done thrashers done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and nothing to being one of the best and most-well cognise in he world.Hes done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and nothing to being one of the best and most-well known In the world. Hes done a lot to be where Hess at today, He came from no-where and nothing to being one of the best and most-well known in the world. Hes done a lot to be theres done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and nothing to bei ng one of the best and most-well known in the world. Hes done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and nothing to being one of the best and most-well known in the oral.Hes done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and nothing to being one of the best and most-well known In the world. Hes done a lot to be to being one of the best and most-wheelwrights done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and nothing to being one of the best and most-well known In the world. Hess done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and nothing to being one of the best and most-well known in the world.Hes done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and nothing to being one of the best ND mothers done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and from no-where and nothing to being one of the best and most-weathers done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and nothing to being one of the best and mos t-well known in the world. Hes done a lot to be where hes at today, He to being one of the best and mothers done a lot to be where hes at today, He came to being one of the best and most-well known in the world.Hes done a lot to be and mothers done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and o being one of the best and most-well known in the world. Ell known in the world. SST- well known in the world. Cost-well known in the world. Ell known in the world. Cost-well known in the world. L known in the world. Where hes at today, He came from no-where and nothing to being one of the best and most-well known in the world. Hes done a lot to be where hes at today, He came freshnesss done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and nothing to being one of the best and most-well known in the world.Hes done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where tot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and nothing to being one of the He came from no-where a nd nothing to being one of the best and most-well known in the world. No-where and nothing to being one of the best and moustaches done a be theres done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and nothing and most-weathers done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where from no-where and nothing to being one of the best and mothers done a lot to be to being one of the best and mothers done a lot to be where hes at today, He oral. Al known in the world. SST-well known in the world. Cost-well known in the world. Ell known in the world. Cost-well known in the world. L known in the world. Where done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and nothing to being one of the best and most-well known in the world. -well known in the world. Hes done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and nothing to being one of the best and most-well known in the world. Lot to be where hes theres done a lot to being one of the best and most-well known i n the world.Hes done a lot to be where one of the best and most-well known in the world. Hes done a lot to be where hes at and nothing to being one of the best and most-wheelwrights done a lot to be where best and mothers done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and the world. At today, He came from no-where and nothing to being one of the best and most-well known in the world. Hes done a lot to be where hes at today, He came from no-where and nothing to being one of the best and most-well known in the the world.

The American Voting System Should Be Changed

If you dont voter turnout, you cant complain. Americans have heard this statement for decades. Those who liveliness that it is their duty, hold to this statement as if it were sacred. For the most part it is true. America has been fortunate to have a system that allows its citizens to take part in voting for the lawmakers who will represent them. Over time, more freedoms have come to the American people. African Americans, women, and eighteen year old individuals now have the liberty that was not afforded to them in the beginning of this great nation. They fought for this right, and many gave their lives for this privilege.Why would they believe this right is so important? They knew that the right to vote meant that lawmakers would have to listen to their needs to insure their re preferences. The right to vote meant power. Voting in America is definitely a privilege, but there are flaws in the system. The firstly defect is the Electoral College that elects the president. The elec tors meet in severally State on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December (December 13, 2004). A majority of 270 electoral votes is required to elect the President and Vice President.No intact provision or Federal law requires electors to vote in accordance with the popular vote in their State. (NARA) This factor takes away the right of the people to take aim the president. The popular vote is the real will of the people. Four times in the history of the election for the president the popular vote and the electoral votes were at odds. The first was in 1824 when Andrew Jackson won the popular vote, but John Quincy Adams was chosen to be president instead. Other times were Samuel J. Tilden vs. Rutherford B. Hayes, Grover Cleveland vs. Benjamin Harrison, and in the recent 2000 election Albert Gore vs. George W.Bush. It is impossible to judge whether the right decision was made or not, but that is not the point. The American voters should have been the ones to make the decision. The other flaw that should be addressed is the right of college students to vote in the area where they are attending school. They should use the absentee ballot of there state, county and town where they have resided. Of registered voters between the ages of 18 and 24 (typically referred to as college students), 32 percent vote. Now, certainly there are reasons for this, shedding a negative light on both the system that we are in and the kids that live with us.(Luckett) The problem is that while students are of age and should have the right to, they should not be making local decisions in the town and county where they are save going to be residing for a few years. In most cases, out of town students will pack up and move away from their college when they graduate or decide no to finish. There is nothing wrong with that, except for the fact that since they knew they would not reside in that area for a long period of time, they had no motivation to properly think about th e consequences of their votes.When long term residents cast their votes they know that they will live with the results of the election for the rest of their lives, and that it will affect their children and grandchildren as well. America offers its citizens a wonderful opportunity to have a say in their government. Their decisions will lives for generations to come. That does not mean that the voting system is perfect. These problems can be solved and America can remain the greatest country in the world. Works Cited A Procedural Guide to the Electoral College, NARA, 30, May, 2007 http//www.archives. gov/federal-register/electoral-college/procedural_guide. html Elections. Info USA, 30, May, 2007 http//www. archiv es. gov/federal- register/electoralcollege/procedural_guide. html Grossman, Wendy M. right to vote Breakdown Scientific American. 19, January 2004 Luckett, Wade. Voting Lets College Students Have Say in the Future of America. Flyer News. September 26, 2003

Newell Rubbermaid Case Study

I believe that Newell Rubbermaids departmentalization structure puts the company in a strong position for profitable growth. It was clearly stated that the profit of the company stand good after the implementation of the scheme that was on a down trend for the past two years. The efforts of Galli to change magnitude the efficiency of the company to act as one organization made to cut the cost of production. Although the effect get out not involve right after but at least on that point is an improvement on the profit growth of the company. It is just usual for the effect of any line of descent strategy to take time for the effect to experience so theres nothing to worry about not meeting the target growth. It is just a consider of time.Answer to Question 2I think Galli applied Mary Parker Folletts guideline on coordination to Newell Rubbermaid by establishing the single corporate headquarters in Atlanta. With this, the outperform Management, especially Galli, can now get the opinions of the executives coming from the different occupation units. The implementation of this also made the meetings of the executives easier and more efficient.The dissemination of information will also be made faster since the executive of one business unit can attend the meeting right on schedule and there will be no more excuses about being late or any kind of delay. With the executives working in one office will give them enough space for interaction that will give them more coordination for the planning and execution of every business direction.Answer to Question 3I will suggest to Galli the establishment of a single competent, energetic guiding authority or the formal management structure since at the very leap out of the financial crisis of the company, the unification of the business units is the source of the problem of the company to give emphasis in apply the organization to address Newell Rubbermaids challenges.BureaucracyThis is defined as the administrative st ructure that uses the hierarchical distribution of authority to every unit of the organization (dictionary.com, 2007). This is used by many businesses in structuring their organization patronage of the criticisms that is attributed to this business structure. One of the criticisms of bureaucracy is that individuals are not being aware of the negative effects of their actions in a larger sense since there is an overspecialization of business units.Red tape is also one of the negative effects of bureaucracy that hinders on the implementation of every business action and makes the decision making bear upon to slow down. It is also said that under bureaucracy, common sense is no longer applicable since they are all guided by the laws provided by the top management. The lower management and the employees have less participation on the planning process under this organisational structure. The above situation will later expiry on internal problem for the managers because employees might feel that they are not being valued by the management.Of course there are still benefits derived from using bureaucracy as an organizational structure. One of this is the increase in the efficiency of production because of the specialization of the laborers. The said tactic enables to company to have growth on their profits since there will be more goods will be produce. The imposition of laws will help the employees by guiding the latter on their demeanour and on the execution of the plans within and outside the business environment.Top managers are surely highly competitive since they are screened by the other top managers. Since the business transactions are documented, this can be used by the future management as a basis on planning their marketing strategy and other business related tactics. There are still a lot of benefits that can be derive from using bureaucracy as the organizational of every company, only that it depends on the situation on what the company is dealing wit h.REFERENCESdictionary.com. (2007). Bureaucracy Electronic Version from http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/bureaucracy.

Scholarship Letter Sample

Sample Scholarship motion Letter This garner provides a sample format for inquiring about private student encourage funds. Of course, you must first identify foundations and organizations which offer such supporter well in advance of some(prenominal) application deadlines. You can get help finding the names and addresses of private aid sources by conducting a scholarship search on the Internet or from a reference librarian in your cosmos library or local school.Once you have obtained hint information you will need to customize this letter to reflect your own background and needs by replacing the bracketed boldface text below. Your Street Address Your City, narrate and Zip Ms. Susan B. A. Dollar Director of Big Money Awards Lots of Money Organization P. O. Box 9999 Moneytown, USA 99999-9999 Dear Ms. Dollar I am report to inquire about any student financial assistance that the Lots of Money Organization whitethorn offer to college-bound students. bring in a concise paragraph about your background and goals. Try to show how you meet the requirements of the organizations financial assistance programs. If this is a letter to find out if the organization offers aid, write a wretched paragraph about how your background and ambitions coincide with the mission of the organization and might qualify you for assistance that may be offered. I would greatly appreciate information about any student financial assistance available through your organization, including how I may apply for this assistance. Information about application forms and deadlines for the 20XX-XX academic form would also be appreciated. If you require any further information, please do not hesitate to contact me by phone at your area code and phone number or via netmail at your e-mail address. Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Sincerely, Your Name NASFAA 2008 1

Premature Death From Poor Nutrition Health And Social Care Essay

Healthful fodderetic wonts incorporate a cathode-ray oscilloscope of qualities, including fiber and fatty acid case glycemic burden sodium-potassium ratios micro nutrient denseness macronutrient composing and acid-base balance ( Prentice & A Jebb, 2003 ) . However, this study volition concentrate on one of the most generic and dramatic deductions of hapless diet adiposeness. In the UK, gyrating fleshiness rates have been deemed of epidemic proportions, with one analysis proposing 60 % of the grownup macrocosm could be obese by 2050 ( Foresight, 2007 ) . In add-on to the degree of human wretchedness such figures represent, the project fiscal load is signifi stoolt a possible ?10 one million million one-year cost for the NHS ( McPherson et al. , 2007 ) and ?49.9 billion for the UK economic system ( McCormack & A Stone, 2007 ) . As a system , the determiners of fleshiness argon embedded in biological and societal models of considerable complexness, intending any sustaina ble resolution must be comprehensive and well-considered. This paper considers devil challenges presently confronting wellness psychological science in its enterprise to heighten the severalize s dietetic quality our obesogenic society and the grasp of incorporate remedial schemes. An Obesogenic Society In 2007, the psychologist Susan Jebb famously ( and provocatively ) decl ard that such is the construction of modern life styles, it is less surprising that so many persons are overweight, than that so many manage to stay thin. Fleshiness, she concluded, was an inevitable result of a civilization in which inactive work, inexpensive energy-dense nutrient, mechanised conveyance and labour-saving devices were omnipresent. The belief that fleshiness is a consequence of private over-indulgence is a prevalent one, and has formed the footing of a scope of enterprises aimed at educating and actuating angiotensin-converting enzyme behavior alteration ( e.g. , Bathrellou et al. , 2010 Murawski et al. , 2009 NHS, 2009 ) . However, in spite of decennaries of dietetic counsel there has been merely minimum betterment in footings of meeting recommended energy and nutritious ingestion ( Krebs-Smith et al. , 2010 ) , whereas wellnessy eat intercessions derived from psychological rules and behavioral alteration theoretical accounts have non proven curiously effectual for bring oning lasting and meaningful alteration ( e.g. , Shepherd et al. , 2006 Lytle, 2009 Procter et al. , 2008 ) . It would hence look that exhortations for greater unity self-denial and duty so, engaging war on healthy feeding ( and fleshiness ) as a moral undertaking ( Thosby, 2009, p.201 ) does non look to be sufficient for configuring better dietetic wonts.Therefore one weighty challenge for wellness psychological science appears to lie in advancing healthful nutrient outlay in an environment which, with its conditions and chances, is structured to advance fleshiness ( Lake & A Town shend, 2006 ) . Possible campaigners in this teddy include obesogenic advertisement and selling patterns ( Lobstein & A Dibb, 2005 ) arrangement and exposure of fast-food mercantile establishments ( Hemphill et al. , 2008 ) the prevalence of low-cost, energy-dense nutrient compared to the comparative degree disbursal of fruit and veggies ( Jones, 2008 ) and post- and pre-natal conditions, such as suited maternal nutrition, breast-feeding, healthy ablactation patterns, which are associated with reduced hazard of grownup adiposeness ( Barker, 2007 Skidmore et al. , 2009 Singhal & A Lanigan, 2008 ) . Planned publicity of healthful eating therefore requires both(prenominal) an apprehension of these structural correlatives, and a transportation of attending from stray individual-level enterprises to the environmental determiners of weight-related nutrient pick and eating behavior. For illustration, the ANGELO model ( Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity Swinburn et al. , 1999 ) is a conceptual theoretical account for delimit obesogenicity, and prioritizing cardinal elements for research and intercession ( e.g. , sociocultural, physical, political, economic ) at both the macrocosm degree ( community-wide ) or the aspect degree ( fast-food mercantile establishments ) . Similarly, Lytle ( 2009 ) advocates psychometric appraisal of the food environment within work prescribes, schools and communities in order to place features that are either leptogenic ( advancing meagerness ) or obesogenic. Such flexible, robust steps of micro-physical and sociocultural influences are a important facet of incorporating the personal and environmental correlatives of obesogenic nutrient ingestion, and explicating suited entree points for intercession ( Brug et al. , 2006 ) .As stated antecedently, individualistic prescriptions to anneal nutrient consumption against energy outgo have non succeeded at the population degree. Policies to reenforce and enable heal thy behavior may hence be most efficaciously implemented at multiple degrees. In the instance of breastfeeding, this capacity include single enterprises ( e.g. , peer-support groups Hoddinott et al. , 2009 ) local degree schemes ( e.g. , infirmary policies for rear end uping and educating female parents Hannula, 2008 ) and national intercessions ( e.g. , entitlement to suckle in public Cattaneo et al. , 2005 ) . Similarly, psychologists must complement targeted intervention intercessions ( e.g. , initiatives to aid/sustain weight-loss ) with population-level preventive steps ( e.g. , curtailing exposure to obesogenic diets ) . In add-on, intercessions that impact at assorted degrees, but to a cumulative and changing extent, may besides be good ( Foresight, 2007 ) . For illustration, supplying alimentary school repasts ( a focused enterprise ) can be augmented by educative schemes to heighten cognition and soul of healthful diet ( an enabler ) , hence supplying coherent, dep endable wellness messages ( an amplifier ) . Public wellness runs that are back up and maintained by such environmental alterations may besides assist debar unhealthy dietetic wonts from reoccurring ( Maio et al. , 2007 ) .Integrated SchemesAmending the state s dietetic imposts creates complicated dilemmas associating to economic and societal policies in nutrient production and retail, instruction, health care and even civilization itself ( Foresight, 2007 Ogilvie & A Hamlet, 2005 ) . As such, a system-wide attack is required which incorporates an inclusive, complementary repertoire of intercessions something that will be facilitated by greater coaction between psychologists and other stakeholders ( Jebb et al. , 2007 ) . At present, there are deficient schemes for heightening public nutrition that are concerted, integrated and engage multiple bureaus ( Lang & A Rayner, 2007 Martin-Bautista et al. , 2009 Matthews et al. , 2009 ) . further such is the complexness of the issue , that implementing and prolonging meaningful betterment will about surely necessitate joint-working between scientists, the nutrient industry, policy shapers, the media and local communities.An of import principle for non marginalising multi-disciplinary attacks is that the multiple determiners of hapless diet do non back up the tradition of stray, disconnected redress schemes to bring on widespread alteration. For illustration, ingestion of unhygienic diets has been partially normalised through factors like cheaper nutrient ( which can increase how much is eaten ) , greater pick, a heightened desire for convenience nutrient, and the usage of energy-dense repasts as short-run comfort/reward ( Wardle, 2007 ) . Furthermore, ambivalency is a cardinal factor in unsanitary feeding ( i.e. , disagreement between the desire for toothsome, high-fat nutrients and the want to be healthy and/or tilt ) , intending that single duty and decision-making in response to wellness messages can be c ompromised ( Jones, 2008 ) . Taken together, this suggests that a consistent, coordinated response between different stakeholders may assist relocate the accent on behaviour alteration as a corporate concern, by aiming scenes in which single behavior is enacted.An incorporate scheme for bettering diet might include engaged, strategic and multidisciplinary partnerships between psychologists, wellness professionals, authorities representatives and consumer groups in order to ease efficient transportation of evidence-based intercessions to real-world applications ( NICE, 2006 ) . Collaboration can be seen as the coming together of diverse involvements and people to accomplish a common intent via interactionsaand coordination of activities ( Jassawalla & A Sashittal, 1998, p.239 ) , and is an of import necessity for intermixing scientific discipline and policy through deepen schooling-sharing, specifying shared visions of jobs and precedences, formulating/disseminating dietetic ent erprises utilizing accessible methods and appropriate stuffs for practician adopts, and planing meaningful research inquiries. This is peculiarly pertinent abandoned that dietetic sweetening presents a figure of importunate methodological challenges, for illustration accurate appraisal of determiners and correlatives the demand for suited definitions the relevancy of longitudinal, population-based surveies and the function of human behavior, beliefs and values, and how these mechanisms instigate and maintain alteration. These elaboratenesss mean divergency and incompatibility can originate between psychologists seeking to polish and revise theories, and the more immediate, practical demand of practicians seeking information on which to develop intercessions. Bettering assurance and communicating between psychologists and other bureaus may therefore assist provident planning, execution, and rating. For illustration, psychological analysis has highlighted the deduction for welln ess inequalities of statute law to revenue enhancement fat content of nutrient merchandises, in that it may diminish available income and inducements for healthier nutrients amongst lower socioeconomic groups ( e.g. , Caraher & A Cowburn, 2005 Powell & A Chaloupka, 2009 ) , whereas other research workers have assessed the impact, feasibleness, and cost-effectiveness of pecuniary inducements to modify dietetic behavior ( Wall et al. , 2006 ) . As famed by the Foresight Report ( 2007, p.122 ) A co-ordinated response would enable maximal benefit to be clear from this important degree of energy and resources. Working in partnership with multiple stakeholders to advance the wellness of the state is critical to success. DecisionsIt is improbable that the current prevalence of hapless nutrition ( and its attendant wellness effects ) will come to a natural terminal without sustained, long-run intercessions that invest clip and resources into set uping new patterns and constructions to back up healthful diets. One realistic chance in this enterprise is a conjunct move to both devolve focal point from ( I ) single self-denial towards social values and precedences and ( two ) defying patchy, short-run intercessions that do non run in a multi-level, multi-sector mode. Establishing enhanced dietetic quality at the population-level is a complex challenge, but non an indissoluble 1. With sufficient imaginativeness, committedness, and vision, preparations and schemes to better public wellness may be ceaselessly developed and delivered in a mode that reflects the best available pattern, policy, and wellness scientific discipline.

Hybrid Cultures Essay

The ease of travel and some universal access to the information superhighway facilitates the massive cultural exchange that goes on in the institution today. In 2005, Kwai-Cheung Lo had written extensively on the exportation of Hong Kong popular culture and its strange relationship to China. Hong Kong could be considered one of the best modern examples of a hybrid culture. Settled by the British for 150 geezerhood before its transfer back to China in 1997, Hong Kong bears much similarity to the West in hurt of economic development and commerce.Its culture, however, is quite different from the mainland and reconciling the two by expanding the definition of what it means to be Chinese is necessary as HK becomes less an independent entity and more of a Chinese protectorate. Today, the vast warehousing of popular culture proves that the sharp lines between different nations are thinning with martial arts films, anime, and panda bear bears occupy the same space as Western action mov ies, McDonalds, and pop music. Massive immigration from third base world countries to the West, coupled with Western business people consulting with Asian companies contributes to the growing cultural exchange.The Disney phenomenon is a good enough example of this. Starting as a small theme park in Anaheim, CA, the company had developed parks in Florida, Paris, and Japan. Yet, the Japanese are determined to retain elements of their native culture even as they embrace an American business concept. When sociologists compared the American Disneyland with the Japanese version, they found many similarities and differences. For example, hobo camp Cruise is arguably the most American. It is a traditional Disney ride that has changed little over the years.TDL (Tokyo Disneyland) has kept the design and narrative of Jungle Cruise while modifying its spiel. Cinderellas Castle Mystery Tour in contrast is unique to TDL. It is a story of Disney heroes and villains written for and told by the J apanese(p. 32).References Luo, K. C. (2005). Chinese Face/Off The Transnational Popular enculturation of Hong Kong. University of Illinois Press Raz, A. E. (1999). Riding the Black Ship Japan and Tokyo Disneyland. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Asia Center

Effects of British Colonial Rule in India Essay

The colonization of India and the immense transfer of wealth that moved from the subsist mentioned to Britain were alert to the success of the British Empire. In fact, the Viceroy of British India in 1894 cal conduct India the pivot of our Empire I see the make of the industrial Revolution on the subcontinent. Besides highlighting the fact that without cheap labor and raw(prenominal) materials from India, the modernization of Britain during this era would start been highly unlikely, I will show how colonial policy led to the privation and death of gazillions of natives.I conclude that maculation India undoubtedly benefited from British colonial feel, the negatives for the subject populace out-of-the-way(prenominal) outweighed the positives. . compoundism, by definition, is exploitative and oppressive, with the holdrs enriching themselves at the expense of those they rule. Gener eithery speaking, colonizers dominate a territorys resources, labor force, and solid vict ualsstuffs often metres, they impose structures cultural, religious and/or linguistic to maintain statement over the indigenous population. The resultants of the expansion of European empires, which began in the 15th ascorbic acid, on the colonized can still be mat up today.Some historians, for example, argue that colonialism is one of the pencil lead causes in income inequality among countries in present clock. They cite patterns of European rootment as determinative forces in the type of institutions developed in colonized countries, considering them major(ip) factors in economic backwardness. Economist Luis Angeles has argued that the higher the per centumage of Europeans settling in a habituation at its peak, the great the inequality in that country so long as the settlers remained a minority, suggesting that the colonizers flowed those lands of essential resources while reaping most, if non all, of the profits.In terms of per capita GDP in 1995, the 20 poorest c ountries were all former colonies, which would seem to footslog Angeles contention. There argon, however, competing views on how much beneathdevelopment in todays poorest countries is a byproduct of colonial rule and how much of it is influenced by factors such as a countrys lack of natural resources or area characteristics.For poet, activist and politician Aime Cesaire, the verdict was in Colonizers were the decisive actors the adventurer and the pirate, the wholesale grocer and the ship owner, the princely digger and the merchant, appetite and force, and behind them, the baleful projected shadow of a form of civilization which, at a certain point in its history, finds itself obliged, for internal reasons, to ext discontinue to a world scale the rival of its antagonistic economies. This is not to suggest that westbound European races were the front and scarce countries to pursue imperialistic policies or that nothing good came out of colonial policies for the subject popul ation.Dinesh DSouza, while arguing that colonialism has left many an(prenominal) positive as well as negative legacies, has stressed that in that location is nothing uniquely Western about colonialism, writing Those who identify colonialism and empire only with the West either have no disposition of history or have forgotten about the Egyptian empire, the Persian empire, the Macedonian empire, the Islamic empire, the Mongol empire, the Chinese empire, and the Aztec and Inca empires in the Americas. For this papers purposes, however, I will focus on the British Empire, its colonizing efforts in India (1757-1947), and the effects British policy had on that subject population. A couple of caveats before examining the British-Indian relationship experiences differed from colony to colony during this period of European imperialism India was unique in the colonial experience because of its size and history. It also should be noted that India was rather unique among colonized lands duri ng this era for at least two reasons.First, confederation Asia was already a major player in world commerce and possessed a well-developed trading and pecuniary world by the time Europeans arrived. Indigenous administrative structures already existed for taxation purposes, while commerce inside the country and throughout the continent offered prospects of giant profits. Second, British India, which included todays India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, was a component part so large that there were areas in which Britain exercised direct control over the subject population and others where it exerted corroborative control.It is exceedingly difficult, therefore, to extrapolate from one experience to another. Although it is impossible to determine how India would have developed had England never conventional a dominating presence there, I find the results of British colonialism to have been a mixed come out for India the negatives, however, far outweighed the positives. Liberal and demo cratic aspects of British colonialism in India played a significant role in leading to a democratic South Asia following Indian independence in 1947.Yet, the British early through the East India companionship and then through direct governmental sympathies control held just about all of the political and economic power in India during the Empires expansion and apogee, guaranteeing the Indian parsimoniousness could not evolve and/or function independent of the ruling powers control ensuring raw materials extracted from Indian soil would go towards British manufacturing industries mostly without profiting the vast majority of Indians and leading to lives of privation for cardinals of indigenous subjects.Although there have been arguments made that, in political and economic terms, south Asia was backwards until the arrival of Europeans, recent interrogation has debunked that myth, showing the region to have possessed healthy trading and financial structures prior to the Euro peans arrival. British Colonial Strategy in the Subcontinent Imperial powers followed two basic strategies when colonizing. They either allowed a large number of Europeans to settle overseas (known as Settler Colonies) or sent a much smaller number normally less than 1 percent of the population to serve as administrators and tax collectors (known as Peasant Colonies).Britain followed the latter strategy in regards to India. The percentage of English state in India in 1913, for example, was only 0. 1 percent of the countrys population by comparison, they accounted for over one-fifth (21. 4 percent) of the population in South Africa and Losetho during the same period. As previously mentioned, Britain exerted both direct and indirect control over the Indian subcontinent. Areas of indirect control are called native states. These were controlled by Indian rulers who wielded enormous power over the internal presidentship of the land, while the British exercised complete control over the areas defense and foreign policies. When flavor at this two-pronged approach Britain took in establishing an Indian colony, the economic expert Lakshmi Iyer has argued that there is a differential long-term effect on areas the Empire controlled directly compared to areas in which it basically outsourced control.Rather than expropriating Indian land, which was negligible, the English taxed Indian land, producing considerable revenues and inducing the indigenous population to shift from traditional to commercial products (e. g. tea). Areas that were directly under British control today have significantly lower levels of public goods relative to areas that were not under direct colonial rule. In 1961, for example, districts (administrative divisions below state level) that had been under direct control of the British Empire had lower levels of uncreated and middle schools, as well as medical dispensaries.Present-day differences between directly and indirectly controlled areas, Iy er argues, are most likely the result of differences in internal administration during the colonial period because once the British left in 1947, all the native states were integrated into independent India and have since been subject to a reproducible administrative, legal and political structure. The Company and the Crown By the middle of the 18th century, there were five major European colonial powers the Dutch Republic, France, Great Britain, Portugal, and Spain.From about 1850 on, however, Britains overseas empire would be matchless by 1901, the empire would encompass 11. 2 trillion square miles and rule about 400 million people. For much of the nineteenth and 20th centuries, India was Britains largest and economically most important colony, an empire within an empire. It should be noted that although this period coincided with the birth of the Industrial Revolution historians and economists have cast doubt on whether industrialization was the sine qua non for British impe rialism.They have noted that Englands first major advance into the Indian subcontinent began in Bengal in the middle of the 18th century, long before large-scale mechanization turned Britain into the workshop of the world. historiographer P. J. Marshall, in stu dying(p) early British imperialism, has written As a blanket term the Industrial Revolution explains relatively little about British expansion in general at the end of the eighteenth century. While Marshall and others may be correct in asserting the British would have pursued empire even without the Industrial Revolution, its advent impacted colonial policy in that it required expanded markets and a steady supply of raw materials to feed the countrys manufacturing industries. Cotton, for example, was one of the brainish forces behind the evolution of Britains modern economy. British traders purchased raw cotton plant fibers from plantations, processed it into cotton cloth in Lancashire mills, and then exported them to t he colonial markets including India.Prior to the Industrial Revolution, India had been the worlds main producer of cotton textiles, with a substantial export trade. By the early nineteenth century, however, Britain had taken over dominating the world market for cotton textiles based on technology that lowered production costs . This dramatic spay in international competitive advantage during the Industrial Revolution was surely one of the key episodes in the Great Divergence of living standards between Europe and Asia. Britains 200-year run ruling India began in the mid-17th century when the British East India Company set up trading posts in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta.In 1757, Robert Clive led Company-financed military led by British officers and staffed by native soldiers known as sepoys in a victory over French-backed Indian forces. The victory at the Battle of Plassey made the East India Company the leading power in the country. It would dominate India for just over 100 a ge, the area it controlled growing over that time to encompass modern Bangladesh, a majority of southern India and most of the territory along the Ganges River in the north of the country.The East India Companys control of Bengal alone yielded taxes of nearly 3 million by 1818, its territorial revenues in India stood at 22 million, allowing it to finance one of the worlds largest standing armies. This conventional British rule well before the Industrial Revolution could have played any major role in Britain expanding its overseas empire, strengthening historians Marshall, et al. arguments regarding the significance, or lack thereof, of the role mechanization in England had in the countrys expansionist efforts. The fact remains, however, that Britain in the 19th century would become the worlds leading industrial power and India a major source of raw materials for its industry.Whats more, the subcontinents population of 300 million would constitute a huge source of revenue and a gig antic market for British-made goods. Although, the English expanded gradually in India during those first 100 years of colonization, once the British government gained control of the countrys administration following the Indian War of Independence in 1857, India was intimately incorporated into the British Empire and became its crown jewel. During the life of the Britain Empire, India was its most profitable colony. Examples of huge returns on British investments in India based on surviving business records are plentiful.To give two examples Binny and Co. , which was founded in 1799 with 50,000 rupees in capital, returned profits of 140,000 rupees only 12 years later and William Mackinnons Indian General Steam and seafaring Co. , which began trading in 1847 and whose assets five years later were valued at more than nine times the original capital of 72,000 rupees. The 1852 prospectus of the Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China stated that bearing in chief the very high r ate of interest which prevails in the East and the very lucrative nature of the change over Business a very large Annual Dividend may be looked for with certainty.British investment in India increased enormously over the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. fit in to economist James Foreman-Peck, by the end of 1911, 373 stock companies were estimated to be carrying on business exclusively or almost exclusively in India, yet were registered elsewhere, with the mediocre size of those companies (railways accounted for nearly half of the capital, and tea plantations about one-fifth) dwarfing the far more numerous 2,463 Indian-registered companies. The discrepancies between the two are stark.The companies registered outside India had paid-up capital of 77.979 million and debentures of 45.353 million compared to 46.251 million and 6 million, respectively, for Indian-registered companies. According to Foreman-Peck, The magnitude of foreign investment and t he rate of return on it, in the main defined, have been seen as a means by which empire imposed burdens on colonies and boosted the imperial nations economy. This was not an idea that could only be gleaned in hindsight. Writing at the end of the 19th century, historian Brooks Adams wrote the following Probably since the world began no investment has yielded the profit reaped from the Indian plunder.The union of treasure wrung from the conquered people and transferred from India to English banks between Plassey and Waterloo (fifty-seven years) has been variously estimated at from $2,500,000,000 to $5,000,000,000. The methods of plunder and embezzlement by which every Briton in India enriched himself during the earlier history of the East India Company gradually passed absent, but the drain did not pass away. The difference between the earlier day and the present is that Indias tribute to England is obtained by indirect methods under forms of law.It was estimated by Mr.Hyndman som e years ago that at least $175,000,000 is drained away every year from India without a cents return. Plunder and Famine At the time Britain established its colony on the subcontinent, the Indian economy was based predominantly on agriculture. Iyer has shown that since the Indian economy was so dependent on farming, British annexation policy focused on acquiring land with the most agricultural potential, guaranteeing that land taxation would be the East India Companys/British governments biggest source of income throughout the colonial period.In 1765-66, the East India Company had collected the equivalent of 1,470,000 and by 1790-1791, this phone number had risen to 2,680,000. To ensure the land-revenue system, known as tax farming, would continue to supply money to the East India Companys treasury, the Company introduced the Permanent Settlement of Bengal in 1793, an agreement between it and absentee landlords, known as zaminders. through this policy, peasants who worked the lan d became the tenants of the zaminders, who, for themselves and the tax collectors, extracted as much as possible from those who cultivated the land. This settlement created a shed light on of Indian landowners loyal to the English and a division in the rural society between the tenants and landlords, which last well into the 20th century. Indian climate is characterized by the monsoon, which generally includes nine months of dry weather followed by three months of rains known as the monsoon.At least once in a decade, the monsoon fails to arrive and a drought occurs. Indians for centuries had set aside a portion of crops to ensure there would be adequate intellectual nourishment in times of drought. This practice was so successful that between the 11th and 18th centuries, India experienced only 14 major famines yet, from 1765-1858, when it was under East India Company control, India suffered through 16 major famines, followed by an average of one famine every two years under Britis h Colonial Office rule from 1859-1914.Under British rule during the 18th century, over 25 million Indians died of famine between 1 million between 1800 and 1825, 4 million between 1825 and 1850, 5 million between 1850 and 1875, and 15 million between 1875 and 1900 more than 30 million deaths occurred from famine between 1870 and1910. Why did tens of millions die from starvation under the East India Company and the British Raj? Why, comparatively speaking, did so many famines occur under Britains sentinel? historian Laxman D.Satya argues the famines were price-induced and that timely government intervention could have prevented millions of deaths from starvation. State intervention was minimal, however Lord Curzon hold once that a famine in Indian excited no more attention in Britain than a squall on the Serpentine. Like other European imperialists in the late 18th century, Britain first through the East India Company followed a laissez-faire doctrine whereby government interfer ence in the economy was anathema in addition, famine later was seen as a natural way to control overpopulation.According to Satya, any act that would influence the prices of grains such as charity was to be either strictly monitored or discouraged. Even in the face of acute distress, remainder had to be punitive and conditional. The powers that be also began employ famine labor to build an infrastructure railways, roads ensuring that revenues would continue to increase, expenditures would be kept low pound of all, the new infrastructure allowed for the exportation of grain that could have fed the starving.Studies have shown that even in years of official famine Britain only recognized three periods of famine there was never a famine of food grains. The problem was that with prices for grains so high and wages stagnant, most people could not afford to purchase them. As an example, during the Indian Famine of 1887-88, nearly 44 percent of total exports from Berar, one of th e hardest hit provinces, were food grains. Between 1874 and 1903 the province exported an average over 40 tons of grain, and Satya has shown that this could have amounted for nearly 30. pounds of food per person.Historian and social commentator Mike Davis has cited even evidence that grains were exported to Europe for speculative trading while millions were dying of starvation. Since the primary concern for the government was maximizing returns on investments, it didnt prioritize famine relief, considering those expenditures wasteful therefore, relief camps were deliberately kept in remote locations and beyond the reach of the physically weakened population. Whats more, people seeking relief were required to work on colonial projects as a condition for receiving food as little as 16-22 ounces of food for a minimum of nine-10 hours of often grueling labor Fearing that Indian nationalists would take to the newspapers in general, the government had a comparatively lax policy toward t he press the Raj implemented nettled press control through various laws including the Newspaper Act of 1908 and the Indian Press Act of 1910.Its important to note that despite these and other attempts at press censorship, a large number of idiom newspapers were published throughout the country and played an integral role in creating a nationalist/political consciousness in India.