Development of the Adolescent

Crystal Herring September 3, 2003 Mr. Boyleston English 101 Face it! Reality TV is here to stay. No matter what you do or which channel you try to derail you are eventually going run into to one of those shows that reals you in. It's something that keeps the TV audiences on the edge of their seats with their cliff hanger endings, displays of raw, unbridled emotions, and insane ways people behave for love, money and fifteen minutes of fame. Through the eyes of a classic example of a teenager growing up on MTV's Real World, I see reality TV as an escape from the boring rigors of my own life to then in turn concentrate on omething more exciting and humorous. It's clearly apart of our society, and many others also, that we as Americans thrive on these sort of sitcoms. When we think our lives are at their worst just watch a complete stranger having troubles and it is strangely comforting. Is quality entertainment infact watching people make complete fools of themselves for the soul cost o f being on TV? Well, that is a question which is personally acquired. For me, eating bugs doesn't validate my insecurities and make me feel that I am the bigger, stronger person. Personal acheivements and triumphs definately fill that void for me.So I agree that the producers of these shows can sometimes take them to extreme measures for ratings, but isn't that the purpose? It's a dog eat dog world, survival of the fittest. My response to this is I can simply choose to entertain myself with certain reality shows such as The Real World and hate Fear Factor. That is the beauty of it all. Don't let one bad apple spoil the whole tree. Give a particular show a chance. You could find things in yourself you would personally like to change by seeing flaws in other people and watching this blunt form of reality can really make you realize what kind of eople you like. Reality shows are harmless, entertaining and clearly not going any where any time soon. When you have millions of public viewe rs watching a particular season finale that's entertainment. So until our society doesn't thrive on living vicariously through other's lives, there's no way that anyone can protest enough against reality TV to get rid of this type of mass entertainment. Anti-reality show viewers would have to convince the entire United States of America and many other countries that reality TV is degrading and frivolous. And that, you see, is another show all together.

Logical Framework Analysis – Definition and Example

Logical Framework Analysis (LFA) LFA is an analytical, presentational and management tool which can help planners to: * analyse the existing situation during project preparation; * establish a logical hierarchy of means by which objectives will be reached; * identify the potential risks to achieving the objectives, and to sustainable outcomes; * establish how outputs and outcomes might best be monitored and evaluated; * present a summary of the project in a standard format; and * monitor and review projects during implementation.A distinction is usefully made between what is known as the Logical Framework Approach (LFA) and the Logical Framework Matrix (LFM). The approach involves problem analysis, stakeholder analysis, developing a hierarchy of objectives and selecting a preferred implementation strategy. The product of this analytical approach is the matrix, which summarises what the project intends to do and how, what the key assumptions are, and how outputs and outcomes will be m onitored and evaluated. The Logical Framework Approach consists of 2 phases – the Analysis Phase and the Planning Phase.The Analysis Phase consists of 4 steps – Stakeholder Analysis, Problem Analysis, Analysis of Objectives and Strategy Analysis whilst the Planning Phase consists of the LFM and Activity and Resource Scheduling. | Intervention logic| Indicators| Sources of verifications| Important assumptions| GOAL| Target groups’ health shall improve| 20% fewer cases of diarrhea, eye infections,malaria, blood parasites| Reports from health clinics inthe project area| | OBJECTIVE| Consumption of clean water shall increase from x to y and the use of latrines from a to b| | Project half –yearly reports| 1.Water sources remainunpolluted2. Primary health care andeducation are still provided| RESULTS | 1. 50% of the target group supplied with sufficient quantities of clean water2. 50% of existing water points in the target area repaired3. Hygienic habits of the target group improved| 1. water quality tested2. 50% of existing water points in working order3. All water points included in the maintenance programme4. Target groups’ habits more hygienic| 1. Project personnel who visit allconstruction sites when theinstallations are complete2.Reports from the District3. Half-yearly reports from theMin of Health 4. Examinations of the target group which is given training in health matters| 1. Maintenance system willcontinue to function2. Action to be taken: budget for current costs to be established at the healthauthority3. Target group is willing toadopt new habits in respectof water and sanitation| ACTIVITIES| 1. 1 Train xx personnel1. 2 Designate xx places for water points1. 3 Procure materials1. 4 Drill and construct xx wells2. 1 Train xx â€Å"water groups†2. Acquire materials2. 3 Repair xx old waterpoints3. 1 Survey present habits of hygiene3. 2 Train in hygiene| Project and costsForeign financingCapital goods ______ Operating costs ______Infrastructure ______Technical assistance (4)Total cost District 1 $_____Total cost District 2 $_____Total foreign cost ______Local financingPersonnel (unit at local health authority) ____Infrastructure _____Maintenance ______Operating costs Total cost District 1 $_____Total cost District 2 $_____Total local cost ____| 1.Necessary capital goods,materials and personnel areavailable2. Action to be taken: study tobe made3. Action to be taken: targetgroup participates in planning, implementationand follow-up4. Implementing organizationfulfils its obligations5. Action to be taken: healthauthorities sign anagreement| INPUT| | CONDITIONS| 1. Adequate supply of ground water of good quality2. Government continues to support the project|

Philippine Constitution †Article Iii Essay

Article III Bill of rights – declaration and enumeration of a person’s right and privileges which the Constitution is designed to protect against violations Basis: social importance accorded to the individual in a democratic or republican state Classes of rights 1) Natural rights – right possessed by every citizen without being granted by the State for they are given to man by God Ex. Right to life, right to liability, right to property, right to love 2) Constitutional right – rights which are conferred and protected by the Constitution; cannot be taken away 3) Statutory rights – rights which are provided by laws promulgated by the law-making body and may be abolished by the same body Ex. Right to receive a minimum wage, right to adopt a child Classification of constitutional rights 1) Political rights – rights of the citizens which give them the power to participate 2) Civil rights – rights which the law will enforce at the instance of private individuals for the purpose of their happiness 3) Social and economic rights – rights which are intended to insure the well-being and economic security of the individual 4) Rights of the accused – civil right intended for the protection of a person accused of any crime State authority and individual freedom 1) State, an instrument to promote both individual and social welfare – promote the happiness and welfare of both the individual and the group Liberty – blessing without which life is a misery Doctrine of laissez faire – â€Å"let people do as they choose† 2) Conflict between individual rights and group welfare – State as an instrument to enable both the individual and society together to attain their greater happiness 3) Balancing of individual and group rights and interests – there can be no absolute power and absolute liberty 4) Role of the Judiciary – balancing the interests of the individual and group welfare in the adjudication of disputes that is fair and just Supreme Court – arbiters of the limits of governmental powers Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws Due process of law – a person may be deprived by the State of his life, liberty, or property provided due process of law is observed; a fundamental principle of fairness in all legal matters, both civil and criminal, especially in the courts. Aspects of due process of law (has two-fold process) 1) Procedural due process – method or manner by which the law is enforced 2) Substantive due process – law should be â€Å"fair, reasonable, and just† Procedural due process 1) In judicial proceedings It requires: a) Impartial court b) Jurisdiction lawfully acquired over the person of the defendant c) Opportunity to be heard given the defendant d) Judgement to be rendered after lawful hearing 2) In administrative proceedings – an offender may be arrested pending the filing of charges or an officer/employee may be suspended pending an investigation for violation Substantive due process 1) Tax which is imposed for a private purpose constitutes a taking of property without due process as it is beyond the authority of the legislature to levy. The reason is that tax can be imposed only for a public purpose. â€Å"Ability to pay principle† 2) Taking of property for private use offends substantive due process. Persons protected – all persons within the territorial jurisdiction of the Philippines Life – something more than mere animal Liberty – right of man to use his faculties with which he has been endowed by his Creator as long as he does not violate the law or the rights of others Property – the right over a thing What constitutes deprivation 1) Deprivation of life – extinction of human existence and various physical and mental attributes 2) Deprivation of liberty – unreasonable restriction on the liberty of others 3) Deprivation of property – property’s value is destroyed or impaired Meaning of equal protection of the laws * all persons subject to legislation should be treated alike * prohibits â€Å"class legislation† (discriminates against some and favors others) Reasonable classification permitted * Persons/properties may be grouped into classes No denial of the protection where under the law- a) Foreign corporations are made to pay higher amount of taxes b) Certain professions are limited to persons of the ‘male’ sex c) Certain privileges for leaves to women are not extended to men d) Preference is given to Filipino citizens in the lease of public market stalls e) Different professions are taxed at different amounts f) Employment of children is prohibited Sec 2. Right of the people to be secure shall be inviolable; no warrant shall issue except determined personally by the judge Search Warrant – order in writing, signed by a judge; search for certain personal Property Warrant of arrest – a person is taken into custody Scope of protection 1) Persons – protection applies to everybody 2) Houses – the protection is not limited to houses but extends to a garage, warehouse, shop†¦ 3) Papers and effect – sealed letters and packages When search and seizure unreasonable – purely judicial question Requisites for valid search warrant or warrant of arrest 1) Issued upon probable cause 2) Probable cause must be determined personally by the judge 3) Probable cause must be made after examination 4) Warrant must particularly describe the place to be searched or persons/things to be seized Probable cause – there is a good reason for believing that the law has been broken or a crime has been committed Sufficiency of affidavit upon which warrant is based 1) Test of sufficiency affidavit – perjury could be charge for damages caused in case his declaration are found to be false 2) Basis of affidavit – must be based on personal knowledge or information Sufficiency of description 1) Place 2) Person – â€Å"John Doe† or â€Å"Jane Doe† (person is unknown) 3) Property – must be specific General warrant – not particularly describe the things to be seized Rights against unreasonable search and seizure, personal 1) Proper party to invoke right – the seizure can be contested only by the party whose personal rights were involved 2) Right subject to waiver – without proper search warrant, no public official has the right to enter the premises of another When search and seizure may be made without warrant 1) Where there is waiver 2) Search is incident to a lawful arrest 3) Forfeited goods are being transported to a verhicle 4) Articles prohibited by law is open to eye and hand When arrest may be made without warrant 1) Had committed 2) Is committing 3) Will be committing Sec 3. Privacy of communication shall be inviolable; evidence in violation shall be forbidden Right of privacy – right to be left alone Basis and purpose of the right 1) Right existing in the state of nature – person’s inherent right to enjoy his private life 2) Right designed to secure enjoyment of one’s private life – accorded protection to secure the enjoyment by a person of his private life Relationship with right against unreasonable searches and seizures 1) Aspect of right to be secure in one’s person – constitutional provision on the right of privacy implements the security of the citizen 2) Privacy of communication and correspondence Limitations on the right of privacy of communictions 1) Permissible interference – allowed interfering on privacy Conditions: a) Upon lawful order of the court b) Public safety or order requires otherwise as prescribed by law 2) Intervention of the court First limitation: issued search warrant Second limitation: right is subject to the police power of the State Evidence illegally obtained 1) Inadmissible – in any proceeding, judicial or administrative 2) Reason – exclusion is the only practical way of enforcing the constitutional guarantees 3) Right of owner – owner of evidence obtained illegally has a right to seize the articles Writ of habeas corpus – the right of a citizen to obtain a writ of habeas corpus as a protection against illegal imprisonment Purpose of the writ – completes the legal armory and remedy of a citizen against violations * Secures the privacy of an individual How writ operates – served upon the respondent who shall file an answer under oath with supporting affidavit (affidavit – a sworn statement in writing made especially under oath or on affirmation before an authorized magistrate or officer) Sec 4. No law shall be passed depriving freedom of speech Freedom of speech, of expression, and of the press – right to freely utter and publish whatever one pleases without previous restraint Scope of terms â€Å"speech†, â€Å"expression† and â€Å"press† 1) Speech and expression – oral utterances such as protests as expression of opinion about subjects of public concern 2) Press – every sort of publications Importance of the guarantee 1) Promotes growth of the individual and the nation – freedom of speech should be protected by the State 2) Makes possible, scrutiny of acts and conduct of public officials – public opinion must be enlightened 3) Insures a responsive and popular government – people must be able to voice their sentiments and aspirations so that they may become active participants Freedom of expression not absolute 1) Subject to regulation by the State – in order for it to not be injurious 2) Subject one to liability when abused – any one who slanders another may be penalized Justification for abridgement of freedom of speech and of the press 1) Clear and present danger rule – a speech will likely lead to an evil scheme 2) Application of rule Right of assembly – right on the part of the citizens to meet peaceably for consultation in respect to public affairs Right of petition – right of any person to apply to the appropriate branch of the government for redress of grievances Relationship with freedom of speech and of the press 1) Complement of right of free speech 2) Application of clear and present danger rule Sec 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion Religious freedom – right of man to worship God Religion – all forms of belief in the existence of superior beings exercising power over human beings Aspects of religious freedom 1) Separation of church and state 2) Freedom of religious prefession and worship Freedom of religious profession and worship 1) Freedom to believe in a religion 2) Freedom to act in accordance with such belief Right to disseminate religious beliefs 1) Relationship with right to believe – right to disseminate religious beliefs and information 2) Justification for restraint of right License fee or tax on sale of religious articles 1) Permission or condition for exercise of right 2) Imposition of financial burden after exercise of right Religious test prohibited 1) Meaning of terms a) Religious test – one demanding the affirmation or contradiction of certain religious beliefs before the performance of any act b) ‘civil’ or ‘political’ rights including the individual rights 2) Reason for provision – without prohibition, religious freedom becomes meaningless Sec 6. Liberty of abode and travel * Right of a person to have his home in whatever place chosen by him Limitations on the right 1) Permissible interference – lawmaking body may provide observance of curfew ours, commitment of mentally deranged persons to a mental institutions, confinement to a hospital, arrest and detention of the accused 2) Intervention of the court – a court order is not necessary Sec 7. Right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized 1) Access to official records for exercise of right 2) Arguments in support of right a) The sovereign people have the right of access to records of their government b) Enable the people to participate more effectively in governmental affairs c) It will make denunciation of government more factual, responsible, effective d) Provide a deterrent to the commission of venalities e) Reduce public suspicion of officials 3) Constitutionality or validity of implementing law Scope of the right 1) The right embraces all public records 2) It is limited to citizens only 3) Its exercise is subject to such limitations as may be provided by law Limitations on the right 1) Public records excepted – public records are declared confidential 2) Burden on government to justify withholding of information – healthy balance between the need to afford protection to vital secrets and safeguarding the basic right of the people Sec 8. Right to form associations – freedom to organize any group Purposes of the guarantee 1) Encourage the formation of voluntary associations 2) The needs of the social body seek satisfaction in one form or the other Limitation on the right – depriving of forming a group when it shows imminent danger Sec 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation Essential or inherent powers of government 1) Totality of government power – contained in 3 great powers (power of eminent domain, police power, and power of taxation) 2) Similarities Eminent domain – right of the State to take private property for public use upon paying to the owner a just compensation Conditions for or limitations upon its exercise 1) Existence of public use – beneficially employed for the community 2) Payment of just compensation 3) Observance of due process of law in the taking Meaning of ‘taking’ 1) Actual physical seizure not essential – physical seizure or appropriation of the property, and destruction or impairment 2) The ‘taking’ must be direct Police power – power of the State to enact such laws in relation to persons and property as may promote public health†¦and convenience of the people Basis of police power – ‘the welfare of the people is the supreme law, so use your own as not to injure another’s property’ Illustrations of police power laws 1) Public health – medical profession 2) Public morals – punishing vagrancy and prostitution 3) Public safety – requiring a license for the right to drive motor vehicles 4) General welfare and convenience – requiring compulsory registration of lands Taxation – power of the State to impose charge or burden upon persons and property for the use and support of the government Theory and basis of taxation 1) Power: Government cannot continue without means to pay its existence, it has right to compel citizens and property within its limits to contribute 2) Basis: Protection and support between the State and its inhabitants Taxes – enforced proportional contributions from persons and property; financial burdens or charges imposed by the government Distinction among the three powers 1) As to authority which exercises the power – taxation and police power: government Eminent domain: public service companies 2) As to purpose – taxation: support for government Eminent domain: for public use Police power: purpose of promoting the general welfare 3) As to effect – taxation: money -> public funds Eminent domain: right -> property Police power: no such transfer 4) As to persons affected – taxation and police power: community Eminent domain: individual 5) As to benefits received – taxation: receives equivalent tax in the form of benefits Eminent domain: compensation Police power: compensation is not immediate Sec 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed Obligation of a contract – law which binds the parties to perform their agreement according to its terms Law – includes executive and administrative orders of the President Contract – obligation of which is secured against impairment under the Constitution Purpose of non-impairment prohibition 1) Protect creditors, to assure the fulfilment of lawful promises, and to guard the integrity of contractual obligations Sec15. Writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion How writ operates Privilege of the writ – further order from the court to release an individual if it finds his detention without legal cause or authority

Report on the company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Report on the company - Essay Example By the very essence of its existence, the Coca-Cola Company definitely has stakeholders. This paper will analyse the stakeholders of the Coca-Cola Company and how they are affected by the company as well as how they affect the organization. The Coca-Cola Company is an American company that has its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America. The company was established in 1886 by John Pemberton and Asa Griggs Candler (Coca-Cola 2014). The company has a presence in many countries, estimated to be over 200, including the U.S., Britain, Canada, South Africa, Kenya, among numerous other countries. By the fact of its presence in several countries, the company is a multi-national. The business entity is a public limited liability company and has its shares traded in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The company has well over 500 brands to its name, its main brand being the Coca-Cola drink (or simply, Coke) (Coca-Cola 2014). The company makes, sells, and distributes soft drinks including Coke, Fanta, Sprite, Minute Maid Juices, Dasani mineral water, orange juice, and different brands of coffee and tea, to name a few (Coca-Cola 2014). It is estimated that worldwide, people consume at least 1.5 billion servings of one brand or another of the Coca-Cola Company every single day (Edinburgh Evening News 2010). Beyond any doubt the high level of consumption of Coca-Cola brands translates to high turnovers and profits for the company. In 2010, the company earned in excess of 10 billion Euros in the U.K. alone (Edinburgh Evening News 2010). The company is a strong brand, the reason it has several franchises across the world. In fact, most of the sales and profits that the company gets credited for come from the franchises. Some of the main stakeholders of an organization include the owners/shareholders, government, customers, community members, employees, and management (BBC 2014). Like many other

I'm sending you two articles could you please use them only, extract Essay

I'm sending you two articles could you please use them only, extract the info and write about Non Lipid Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Flow basis Markers - Essay Example While the classical view of IHD has been the accumulation of plasma lipids and other sedimentary substances (plaques) on arterial walls, diminishing the lumens by large percentages till serious impediment to blood flow occurs that lead to the pathological condition. There are also other factors that progressively weaken and rupture arterial walls and also seriously affect blood flow (Libby, 2006). The principal predictive potential to assess degrees of progression towards cardiovascular disease is assaying the levels of these risk factors in the blood. These factors are consequently called biomarkers and since they generally affect blood flow to the heart they are also called flow basis biomarkers. This paper is assessing the predictive values of some non-lipid biomarkers. Biomarkers capable of predicting cardiovascular risk are generally categorised into eight groups - 'inflammatory markers, markers for plaque erosion and thrombosis, lipid-associated markers, markers of endothelial dysfunction, myocardial injury or dysfunction markers, oxidative stress, metabolic markers and markers of neovascularisation' (Cooke, 2006). Common lipid biomarkers are low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol including oxidised LDL cholesterol, small dense LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein and lipoprotein-associated phosphol

Organizations' pursuit of continuing resources from their environment Research Paper

Organizations' pursuit of continuing resources from their environment - Research Paper Example However, successful organizations enjoy the growth and organizational effectiveness. With the increasing globalization, the competition among the organizations is increasing because in the previous years, only a few organizations used to compete for the resources in a specific geographical location whereas, today, the organizations across the geographical region can also enter to compete for resources. The aim of this study is to discuss the organizations’ pursuit of continuing resources from their environment. How organizations compete for resources? What are the consequences and costs of obtaining resources? How the attainment of resources varies based on the type of organization, environment and organizations’ stages of development? In this research study, the answers to all of these questions will be given. In order to investigate the research objectives in this research study, a qualitative research methodology has been used. The secondary information and the research work of the other researchers have been used. The academic publications, theoretical framework, real examples and empirical research have been used to determine the answers to the mentioned questions. Because of the nature of the study and the adopted methodology, the critical analysis approach has been used to quantitatively analyze the collected data and literature. The organizations are highly dependent on their environment to attain the resources for their survival and growth. The interdependence exists between the organizations and environment in the form of transactions, in which the limited resources are exchanged under a competitive environment. Since the organizations compete for these resources therefore, to what extent they have been able to access the resources over a period time, determine their success and organizational effectiveness (Yuchtman & Seashore, 1967).Various relationships exist among organizations

Tesco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Tesco - Essay Example The personal details play a crucial role as the company can be able to link them with the purchases made in the stores. Such strength indicates that the company values their customers since they inquire for personal details about the customers. Another significant strength of Tesco lies in its workforce; the employees of the organization tend to be friendly and treat the customers warmly (John 2004, p. 105). The global reach of Tesco can also be regarded as a remarkable strength of the company; Tesco has its stores spread all over several countries, and this can be regarded as a significant achievement. The spread of the stores enables the organization to secure large customer base compared to its competitors. Reasonable prices can also be regarded as strength of Tesco; this makes the customers to flock the stores of the organization (John 2004, p. 110). Offering best and affordable prices have been central to the organization’s success. The success of Tesco can be attributed to its strengths in terms of the wide range of products dealt with by the organization. The organization spread its products to include consumer products such as CD players, music players, computers, as well as other products such as hot cakes. ... products, which may expire; for example, products such as fruits, vegetables, salads, and sandwiches have to be sold before the expiry date (John 2004, p. 113). A look at the opportunities of Tesco indicates that the company has embraced the use of new technology in its operations. Tesco has seized the opportunities accorded by new technology as the company has adopted mass customization as a marketing strategy. The organization also offers both online and in-store shopping; therefore, customers can purchase the commodities they want at the comfort of their homes. The organization also gets favored by the EU laws due to its notable presence in the UK (John 2004, p. 118). One of the threats of the organization stems from the competition by companies such as Wal-Mart and Sainsbury. The company also faces the threat of venturing in new markets where other competitors might have established a strong market base. Possible Solutions In order to counter the challenges faced by the organizat ion, Tesco can adopt several changes in terms of its operations. First, the organization should strive towards improving its marketing plan and making it better than it is. For example, the company can introduce virtual stores, which will enable quick delivery of products to customers. This can play a crucial role in enhancing faster delivery of the products and increasing the organization’s sales (Rothwell 1998, p. 3). Another change that Tesco needs to institute includes looking for reliable suppliers in Denmark who will supply vegetables, fresh fruits, milk, bread, and meat. This stems from the fact that it may be extremely impossible to import such products from the United Kingdom owing to the high costs, which would be incurred by suppliers. Tesco has to adapt to the various demands

Initiative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Initiative - Essay Example If ever this would be implemented, then this is would be the first law of the United States which allows marijuana legally for personal consumption. Although marijuana was allowed in the state strictly for medical use more than a decade ago, still allowing it for personal consumption is another matter. Those who advocate the passing of the initiative into a law argue that the tax would greatly benefit the state which is currently suffering from the economic crisis. According to Weber ( 2010) â€Å"supporters say state-run studies have found that taxes on marijuana could raise as much as $1.4 billion in annual revenue†. This would really help the ailing economy as Governor Schwarzenegger announces for a second round of tax breaks for new home buyers in order to boost the housing industry. Somehow, the additional income would be a welcome relief for the government. "It was very easy," the initiatives main proponent, Richard Lee, told the paper. "People were eager to sign. We heard they were ripping the petitions out of peoples hands to do it."(qtd.from Marijuana Legalization Could End Up in Ballot, 2005). However, not all sectors of society are happy about these developments since law enforcers as well prosecutors believe that legalization would produce more problems for society. This would involve drug-related crimes and it would be too late then to arrest the problem when the use of marijuana becomes legal. Definitely, use of marijuana promotes negative externalities which can also become a precedent for legalizing other vices in society. It is still the government’s accountability and responsibility to balance the advantages and disadvantages of a public policy. The public policy reflects the core values of a society. Although the benefit of providing more income for the government is utilitarian and practical, still, traditional sectors uphold moral ethics. Besides, the

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final - Essay Example There is, therefore, a looming moral dilemma for subscribers of this faith. However, in regard to objective philosophy, knowledge of the external world relies on perception. Perception is, however, dependent on the state of the human mind. All the theories of knowledge proposed over the centuries fall short because of factors such as the controversy of the relationship between appearance and reality. In examining the theories of realism and idealism, philosophers encounter issues such as illusion, hallucinations and dreams all of which point to the state of mind. For dreams, the problem is more so complicated if the dream is not lucid. The largest influence of this film is the exploration of the subconscious through dreams. The Freudian slip is a situation whereby an individual makes far fetched, irrelevant or presumably abnormal statements. Others will assume this is due to confusion or distraction, but Freud will look at this as a channel the subconscious is using to assert its rea l desires and feelings. In the same way, dreams can perform this same function, but the revelation is for the individual (Burger 40). On the other hand, this film is proposing the possibility of accessing these revelations. Some of the ideas in this theory hold that humans are constantly fighting. This struggle is primarily between the superego and human instinct. In following the norms of society, the human race suppresses its natural instincts. Therefore, the perceived actions of an individual, according to Marcuse will not reflect the true self hence the existence of subconscious where the true self delves in the form of secrets and memories. Marcuse may applaud the use of this idea by the film maker to a large extent (Cobb 88). In describing how he extracts ideas, Leonardo DiCaprio in the movie says â€Å"...create the world of the dream,† this refers to the physical setting which the dream thief structured. After that â€Å"...bring the subject into that dream, and they fill it with their secrets.† Again, the dream maker utilises the shortcomings of perception, in this case using familiarity to trick the mind of the dreamers (Botz-Bornstein 20). Marcuse, an advocator of an unsuppressed human race, where humans do as their subconscious perceives will marvel at this idea by film director Nolan. Marcuse supports Freud on the idea that individuals sacrifice happiness to avoid guilt. This is because their true feelings are dark, shaming and undesirable (Cobb 89). However, these restrictions also restrict the true potential of humans. Examining the subconscious prior to undertaking its desired actions is a convenient way to edit the supposed harm. Marcuse will not agree with the idea of tampering with the subconscious because private thoughts make people different and above all human. In my view scientists cannot investigate dreams objectively seeing as dreams are subject to an individual’s thoughts, desires, motivations and experiences. Ho wever, the advancements made in science over the past centuries are remarkable, and things thought impossible in the pats are now a norm. An excellent example is the life support machine, walking on the moon, genetic manipulation and robotics. One cannot out rightly rule out the possibility of such a technology existing even in the unfathomed future. The question of whether the film â€Å"Inception† has some philosophical grounding remains undoubted. One of the

Poetry and War Essay Example for Free

Poetry and War Essay How does Owen explore the themes of war through the power of his poetry? Written by: vdg How does Owen explore the themes of war through the power of his poetry? Answer Q Owen expresses the themes of war through the unique power of poetry. Both the mental and physical brutality of war is emphasised in the poems, â€Å"The Send off,† â€Å"Anthem for doomed youth† and â€Å"Spring Offensive,† furthering the responder’s understanding of a soldier’s life on the western front. Owen employs various poetic devices such as imagery, symbolism and sound techniques, and powerful language features, together helping to convey the different aspects of war, such as the themes of ___ (maybe 4 main themes). 100 words on extract, linking to q Wilfred Owen’s, â€Å"The send-off,† illustrates the consequences of war and reveals its cynical, secretive nature through the use of poetic devices. The title, â€Å"The Send-off,† depicts two different images about the nature of war. â€Å"Send-off† could be interpreted as a farewell to soldiers, in the hope of their return, or metaphorically could convey their literal fighting till death. The composer’s use of symbolism, â€Å"darkening lane,† portrays the sinister side of war, while the alliteration, â€Å"grimly gay,† creates irony. This depicts the soldiers’ hidden fear of going into battlefield, compared with their initial excitement at â€Å"send-off. † The composer also emphasises the fact that the â€Å"typical† send-off is an emotionless, mechanical procedure for many military personal, rather than a cheerful experience. Owen’s choice of diction is used to convey the horrors and themes of war. The metaphor, â€Å"Their breasts were stuck all white with wreath and spray. As men’s are, dead,† reinforces the concept of doom and sacrifice during war, through the onomatopoeia of â€Å"stuck† and the negative connotations associated with the word â€Å"dead†. Diction is used, â€Å"Dull porters watched them, and a casual tramp†¦staring hard, sorry to miss them†¦,† to demonstrate that most onlookers have a lack of emotion towards war. The rhetorical question, â€Å"Shall they return to beatings of great bells in wild train-loads? ,† conveys the uncertainty of war, where a soldier’s fate is unknown to many. The composer’s use of repetition â€Å"A few, a few, too few for drums and yells†, conveys a sense of loneliness, as there are only a handful of soldiers who have returned home, depicting the horrors of the aftermath of war. The composer’s use of imagery, â€Å"May creep back, silent†¦up half-known roads†, portrays the returned soldiers’ disillusioned state of mind, effectively giving the responder an insight into the consequences of war. The composer’s successful use of personification in this poem, â€Å"Then, unmoved, signals nodded† and â€Å"a lamp winked to the guard†, illustrates the secretive and cynical nature of war, and presents the mental assumptions about a typical war. Personification is also used, â€Å"So secretly, like wrongs hushed-up, they went,† to communicate the soldier’s unfair treatment at the hands of the government, while the phrase â€Å"they were not ours†, alludes to the soldier’s lack of belongingness. LINK TO Q Another poem, in which Owen uses the power of poetry to convey the themes of war, is â€Å"Anthem for doomed youth. † The title, â€Å"Anthem for doomed youth,† acts as an extended metaphor for the sacrificial and improvident consequences of war. Owen uses religious imagery, â€Å"candles† and â€Å"choirs†, alluding to the funeral ceremonies associated with such religious symbols, while also depicting the inhumane nature of killing during the war. â€Å"Doomed,† conveys a pessimistic tone and creates an image of entrapment. The opening rhetorical question, â€Å"What passing-bells for these who die as cattle? †, illustrates the dehumanisation of war through the use of animal imagery. Moreover, the composer’s repetition, â€Å"only,† highlights the insufficient homage paid to death. Owen also employs alliteration and symbolism to convey the themes related with war. Alliteration, â€Å"rapid-rattle†¦,† is used to assist the responder’s knowledge of the nature of death, and heightens our aural and visual senses to these disorientating images. Another example of alliteration, â€Å"sad shires†¦,† conveys the after effects of war and its devastating consequences. Owen also tries to convey the horrifying nature of war through his vivid use of symbolism. Religious and church symbols such as â€Å"bells† and â€Å"choirs,† denote religion as a sanctuary from the horrors and evils of war. Imagery, â€Å"What candles maybe held†¦shall shine in the holy glimmers of good-byes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , transforms the mourner’s candlelight into tears and the â€Å"pallor† of mourners faces are compared to a â€Å"pall†, contrasting the different funeral images in war and peace. Also, the connotation of â€Å"each slow dusk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , reinforces the cycle of life and death. It is evident that through the composer’s power of poetry, various themes been conveyed about war, thus heightening the responder’s understanding of the war experience. SUM UP THEMES In the final two lines of the poem, the composer makes successful use of imagery together with alliteration to convey the horrors of war, â€Å"Each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds,† revealing the end for many soldiers’ lives. LINK TO Q Through the poem, â€Å"Spring offensive†, the composer conveys the various themes about war, through contrast, imagery and simile. The positive connotation, â€Å"Spring,† reinforces the idea of rebirth and renewal, which is juxtaposed with the destructive connotations associated with â€Å"offensive†. Owen awakens the audience through the harshness of the sound â€Å"f† in the alliteration, â€Å"fearfully flashed†. In so doing, the composer provides an ominous warning on the battlefield. Owen’s vivid use of death imagery, â€Å"Knowing their feet had come to the end of the world†, portrays a rather chilling and detrimental perspective of the battlefield. Owen continues to mix the ideas of war and nature in the third stanza. Here the composer effectively juxtaposes the beauty of â€Å"buttercups† with the men’s â€Å"boots,† to emphasise war’s unnatural repulsiveness. Owen’s use of simile, â€Å"clutched to them and to them like sorrowing hands†¦,† conveys mother nature’s unwillingness to relinquish the soldier’s lives. Simile is also used, â€Å"like a cold gust†, to depict the lack of warmth and quiet beginnings of confrontation, as war commences in the fourth stanza. Owen also successfully uses vivid war imagery to convey the various concepts of war in â€Å"Spring-offensive† and thus portraying the horrors present in war. The imagery, â€Å"So soon they topped the hill, and raced together†¦instantly the whole sky burned with fury†¦,† illustrates the dark and frightening nature of war amongst this peaceful physical environment, while the unity, â€Å"together,† highlights that the men go into battlefield as a group. Finally, the composer’s use of the rhetorical question â€Å"Why speak not they of comrades that went under? †, conveys the ghastly and silent nature of the battlefield, as the battle nears to an end. LINK TO Q Consequently, it is evident Owen has been able to integrate various poetic devices and language features into his poems, to reveal numerous ideas within war. Owen has been able to successfully convey the horrors of war through his power of poetry and his influential words. ANSWER THE Q Where ever possible, LINK TO Q!!! MEMORISE â€Å"The Send-Off† is a poem written about WW1 soldiers leaving their homes to go off to war. It is set in a train station where a soldier is watching the new recruits boarding the train. You can tell it is written by an on looking soldier because in line 12 he says, â€Å"They were not ours†; where as previously he had been referring to them as â€Å"them†. In â€Å"The Send-Off†, Owen conveys his feelings about the war and the young soldiers going off to die. You can tell he has a very pessimistic attitude to the likelihood of the soldiers surviving. You can see this from his continual references to death, â€Å"Their breasts were stuck all stuck with wreath and spray/As men’s are, dead†. To convey his emotions and foretelling further he uses a range of language. The actual words that he uses are quite simple, but he uses many effects to create imagery. In line 3, Owen uses the oxymoron, â€Å"grimly gay†, this gives the impression that the soldiers know what is going to happen to them and they are scared, but they put on a brave face anyway so as not to upset their families, each-other and also, if they don’t admit their fear to themselves, then maybe it will go away. In the poem there is often para-rhym, for example, â€Å"They were not ours†¦who gave them flowers†. There is more often though just a normal rhyme. This rhyme scheme seems to have no particular pattern; it will start a pattern, and then change it. It starts off A, B, A, A, B, C, B, C, and carries on in the same sort of irregular patterns. Maybe Owen is trying to convey the mixed, uncertain feelings and lives that can change so quickly, with a mixed, uncertain rhyme scheme. This is the same with the rhythm; I think this is to represent, instead of the regular, ordered marching step that the army is renowned for, there is disorder and chaos. I think that he is trying to convey the truth of war. Analysis of The send off 2006-09-10 Added by: John Terry This poem actually conveys a message to the readers. That war is not as glorious and honourable as it is always portrayed as. The pun in the title also shows this. The send-off could mean two things. Firstly, it could mean that the soldiers were being sent off to war. However, it could also mean that the soldiers were being sent off to their deaths. This emphasizes the fact that war actually is not what it is portrayed to be. It is not glorious and honourable to fight in war but the people and soldiers going through it are actually filled with grieve and most soldiers do not survive in war. The pun has brought across this message to the reader. WAR IS not an honourable and glorious thing to be in.

Strategies to Maximise Profits in the First Year

Strategies to Maximise Profits in the First Year How will the company maximize its profits (or minimize losses) its first year, while it is a monopoly firm? Give concrete examples by referring to the cottages, restaurant and ferry. What advantages does it have in its first year and how can it maximize profits? What are the risks associated with this strategy? In the first year the firm would be a monopoly firm as there is no existing firm in the market dealing with the vacation destination on Partridge Island. It provides rent services for cottages, restaurants and ferry. Being a monopoly firm it has two choices available first one is to decide how much quantity is to be sold and the other one is the decision about the price to be charged. An important thing is that a monopolist can either decide quantity to be sold or the price to be charged, but not both the price and quantity simultaneously. If this firm take a decision about price then the quantity sold will be decided by the market. If given firm decides about the quantity to be sold then the price will be decided the market forces. In order to maximize profits or minimize losses the firm will produce at a level at which its marginal costs are equal to its marginal revenues. Level of output is determined by the intersection of these two curves. To take decision about the prices and q uantities monopolist will have to use the data on market demand and prices, and will supplement this data with the costs faced by monopolist. This firm will charge a price which is far higher than the marginal economic costs as there is no danger of losing customers. The firm is price maker in this case and has a complete control over prices as being a single provider of cottages, restaurants and ferry on Partridge Island. There is no perfect substitute available in the market therefore the firm will try a charge a maximum possible price. In order to maximize the total profits the firm will have to carefully analyse the demand structure for cottages, restaurants and ferry, separately. Maximum rent will be charged for a service that has most in elastic demand. In elastic demand ensures that consumer will go to avail the services of this firm even at high prices. On the other hand comparatively low rent will be charged for a service having more elastic demand. In this way among the three departments of cottages, restaurants and ferry, the rent will be determined by the firm keeping in view the motive of profit maximization. As far as the determination of rent is considered costs play very important role. It is possible to decrease the rent in the department which is having favorable cost structure as compared to the other departments of the firm. It is often observed that a monopoly firm usually earns ab normal profits both in the long run and short run but is also possible for a monopolist firm to experience losses. In case of losses firm will try to minimize the costs being faced by doing so the difference between revenue and costs will be decreased and thus the losses. The following year, a new business enters the market and provides cottages, restaurant and ferry. What strategies will you recommend so your client continues to maximize its profits now that it is in a oligopoly? What are the risks associated with these strategies In the following year when a new business enter the market, it will lead to completely change the market structure from monopoly to oligopoly, as there are two firms now competing with each other. In such circumstances there are two possibilities for these competing firms. First one is that these two firms will keep competing with each other by indulging themselves into price and non-price competitions. The other possibility is that they will come at an agreement and will form a cartel. The cartel will serve to increase the profits for both the firms. This is due to the fact that if they keep competing then they will have to lower down the prices which will in turn reduce profits of both and they will come at a level at which profit is quite lower than the monopoly profits. On the other hand if they form a cartel then they will be able to enjoy the monopoly powers. These two firms will have complete control over the price and quantity and will be able to charge a higher price as now there is no substitute available for the services provided by this cartel. Cartel is referred to a formal and explicit agreement between two or more competing firms which is aimed to generate the monopoly powers for the firms in order to raise the levels of profit. In this case the two firms dealing with the business of restaurants, cottages and ferry will agree to fix the rents marketing or production. Formation of cartel depends upon the nature of market and here the nature of market i.e. oligopoly is perfect to enjoy the benefits associated with cartels. The members of cartel reach an agreement and then act together as being a single seller, with mutual consensus, in order to have an influence on the prices of goods and services. They control these prices by acquiring a control over production and marketing. The two members will have to agree upon certain factors like share in industry’s provision of services, market shares and fixation of prices. They come at an agreement after having completed detailed negotiations on terms and conditions of the important matters. In this case it is also an important consideration to decide about allocation of territories, customer’s allocation, formation of common sales agencies bid rigging and division of profits among these two firms. Their joint aim will be increase of profitability by reducing the competition in the market. If these two firms remain successful in acquiring government shield regarding the formation of cartel then this cartel will be known as public cartel and the enforcement of cartel agreement will be ensured by the state. On the other hand if they just try to focus on the benefits of the two firms who constitute it then it will be recognized as private cartel. As compared to private cartel it will be more beneficial for the society as a whole that these two firms form a public cartel, due to the fact that in case of public cartel the benefits are passed to the respective society as a whole. It is observed that competition laws are always found to oppose the formation of cartel the refore these two firms will have to keep in mind the rules and regulation associated with the formation of cartels in the country so that they may ensure their long run existence in the market. However, it is always very difficult for law implementation agencies to prove the existence of cartel in any market. To avoid the disclosure of involving in cartel making and resulting negative consequences often firms do not paper the hidden agreements existing among them. These firms will try to regulate supply with an aim to regulate the prices being charged for the services provided by two. Three years later there are 20 companies providing cottage rental, restaurant and ferry services to Partridge Island. What strategies would you recommend to your client to maximize profits now that it operates under monopolistic competition? Now there are twenty companies in the market meaning that now the nature of competition is similar to that of monopolistic competition where there is a reasonable number of firms in the market competing with each other. In order to maintain the position of the individual firm in a market and to ensure the survival firms compete on the basis of product differentiation. No firm can survive in the industry if it ignores the strategy of product differentiation. Product differentiation means that firms try to generate differences in their products or services to make their products attractive as compared to those of rivals. The purpose is to acquire the attraction of buyer in order to increase the demand for the products offered and resultantly to increase the profits. The profit maximization will occur at the same point as it is in monopoly i.e. a point at which Marginal Revenue is equal to marginal costs. Firm will produce output and charge the price corresponding to the intersection of marginal revenue and marginal cost. As far as the strategies to maximize profits are concerned the main strategy which must be followed by the firm is to create differentiation in the services offered by this firm. They will have to discover different ways to make their services alike, it will ensure the rise in the competitive advantage associated with the services offered. These differences in the services may be of real nature or that of an imaginary one. Real differences involve an actual services. These differences which should be created by the firm in order to maximize the profits may also be of imaginary nature for example simply changing the style of services provided. In this case there will be no real difference in the services but by changing the prese ntation style, customers will get attracted to the services of this particular firm and will prefer this firm among other twenty firms operating in the same industry. It is considered to be very important in the field of business dealing with cottages, restaurants and ferry to maintain a unique position in the market especially when there are many firms competing. In this industry the importance of services provided is like that of lifeblood in the human body. Therefore, it can be suggested that this firm will have to improve the standards of services, including that of staff and related to the comfort of customers. Customers comfort should be of primary importance for the firm and to do so they can do many different things. For restaurants and cottages they should improve the living conditions including furniture and food provided to the customers. As far as the case of Ferry is concerned user friendly services will have to be provided and to do so they should relax the terms and c ondition elated to the transport of goods and they may also maintain their position in the market by offering relatively low prices as compared to those offered by competitors. The strategy to reduce prices will have a positive impact to increase the preference for this firm among customers. Ten years later we find hundreds of companies providing the same services. What strategies would you recommend to your client to maximize its profits in a perfectly competitive market? If your client was losing money, when would you recommend it shut down its activities and when should it leave the industry altogether. Ten years later when there are hundreds of new companies in the market the monopoly power faced by the firm will totally abolish. The firm will have no control over the price charged from the customers. The main reason behind this is that now there is large number of firms offering almost the same services, so of this firm tries to charge a higher price it will lose its customer a they has a large choice available in the form of service providers of cottages, restaurants and ferry. The firm will become a price taker one and will have a choice to take only one decision that is of quantity to be sold. The market structure now resembles that of perfect competition, with large number of buyers and sellers, free entry and exit and having almost perfect substitutes available. In this case the firm cannot charge high prices for any of cottages, restaurants and ferry as there are large number of firms offering almost similar services so the rise in price will contribute to shift the customer s to any other service provider, hence contributing to decrease the venues of client firm. In a perfectly competitive market it becomes difficult to generate abnormal profits in a long run. However there is a possibility that firm enjoys abnormal profits in short run which will encourage the entrance of new firms in the industry and this mechanism will lead to decrease the abnormal profits enjoyed by the firms. In order to maintain a profit maximizing level the strategy followed by the firm should be based on the production of output or provision of services, at the minimum level of average cost curve. In other words firm should produce at a level which is optimal for it and at which the costs faced by the firm are minimized. The strategy to produce at optimal level will lead to generate at least normal profits for the firm in long run and it may earn heavy profits in short run. In a perfectly competitive market firm should never try to compete on the basis of prices as it would prove to be a useless strategy. As far as the general rules of profit maximization are concerne d the profits are maximized at a point where the Marginal cost curve intersects the marginal revenue curve. In addition to this the slope of MC is more than the slope of MR. Here is perfectly competitive market the Marginal Revenue (MR), Average Revenue (AR) and price (P) curves are the same. These curves are represented by the straight line which is horizontal to the X-axis showing that the firm has no control over the price of its product or service. The optimal output is not just determined by the cost information instead the knowledge of cost and demand conditions enables the firm to determine the optimal level of output which maximizes its profitability. The demand curve can be obtained by plotting sales revenue at different levels of output. The optimal output of the firm is sensitive to the price and costs associated with it, resultantly whenever the cost conditions or the prices of services in the restaurants, cottages and ferry market change, then the optimal output of this particular firm will also be changed. As here exist intense rivalry among the business of restaurants, cottages and ferry, so the firm should try to introduce new products, improve the quality of existing products and make more advertising expenditures. It is also extremely important to timely respond the strategies of competitors in the market. How can changes to the labour market be linked to changes in income distribution? What could be driving income disparities between high-income earners and low-income earners (in Canada or elsewhere)? What could be the negative impacts of these disparities? Are these short term differentials or equilibrium differentials? What policies could government put in place to improve income opportunities for low-income earners? Due to the wage restraints all over the world, people on higher end enjoy most of the benefits of economic gains leaving majority of the people deprived of the advantages associated with production processes. The status and position of migrants, women and minorities is miserable in the income distributions of most of the countries. The major contributor to promote income disparities and inequalities all over the world is decreased powers of labor unions. These unions remain unable to secure a reasonable rate of wages due to weak bargaining power associated with them. A gradual and long term decline in labor union memberships has also been observed in the past and the trend still continues. There is also negative impact of Right to Work Laws on the equal distribution of resources in an economy. These laws on the one hand benefits in achieving social welfare and on the other have adverse impacts on the income distribution, while promoting the situation of inequality in the country. Mor eover, in case of Canada the premiums set by labor unions are also quite low to ensure the well being of low income and middle income classes. The gap between rich and poor as represented by the income inequality is widening these days in Canada and the income inequality is far higher than the level at which it was thirty years ago. The inequality in favor of rich is posing serious threats to the economy as it is contributing to increase the level of aggregate demand, hence promoting highly rising inflation in the country. Poor is suffering a lot and resources available to this class for the purpose of education or for investment in business are very few. This is the major reason that poor remain trapped into the vicious circle of poverty and rich get richer day by day. Moreover, another impact of income inequality is that it leads to generate increased probability of financial distress for the economy which may serve to hinder the progress in long run. Due to distress in the society caused by income inequality, the crime rates also increase e.g. it is often observed that poor section of society indulge itself into criminal activities like murders, in order to create money for themselves and their children, so that they may the basic needs of daily life. As far as the general welfare of society is concerned income equality makes it impossible to provide similar facilities to different sections of society. Among these the most important consequence of in equality is reduced availability of health facilities which results in lower life expectancy especially for the case of poor, who has limited resources to obtain proper food and health facilities. These differentials existing between different sections of society may prove to be if long run nature if not controlled with proper policies of private and public sector. In case of Canada the differences are persistent in nature, therefore, it can be concluded that these differences between rich and poor are of long term nature in Canada. In order to deal with the income inequalities government can adopt fiscal policy changes like that of tax policy change. The measures to adopt progressive taxation can prove to be very helpful. Another way regarding tax policy is to tax the non-parents in Canada as no –parents have larger median incomes as compared to the parents. Moreover, the responsibilities of parents are larger than the non-parents and it is very beneficial to provide them an ease in the form of tax break. Tax rate should be higher on the incomes of producers as the producers comprise that section of society which is comparatively wealthier. Government can also provide ease to the poor section to get them out of the poverty trap, in the form of subsidies on the products used by poor. In addition different allowances and benefits should be designed by the government of Canada to facilitate poor so that the disparities can be removed and income distribution may get equal for all the sections of society.

Spelen De spelontwikkeling

Spelen De spelontwikkeling De spelontwikkeling De spelontwikkeling is belangrijk bij de ontwikkeling van de kleuter. Spelen is het onderzoeken en ontdekken, het leren kennen van de wereld op een manier die het kind zelf kiest. Het bepaalt wat het wil doen en hoe. Het kind met een normale ontwikkeling kan materiaal manipuleren, een betekenis geven eraan, een fantasiespel beleven, Waarom en hoe? Onder dit hoofdstuk wil ik graag beschrijven waarom spelen zo belangrijk is en hoe het spelen dan wel verloopt bij kleuters. Er is ook steeds een stukje voorzien dat het spelen bij kleuters met autisme beschrijft en de problemen hierbij. Mogelijke oplossingen komen aan bod in het praktijkgedeelte. Tijdens het spel leert het kind zichzelf, materiaal en de omgeving kennen. Spelen helpt het kind verder evolueren op verschillende vlakken. Door spelen wordt de cognitie van het kind gestimuleerd. Dit wil ik graag even toelichten vanuit enkele voorbeelden. Als we nu vb. winkeltje spelen nader bekijken, zien we dat kinderen voortdurend bezig zijn met het nabootsen van situaties uit het dagelijks leven van volwassenen. Ze leren het materiaal kennen in hun winkel en worden gestimuleerd in hun taalontwikkeling. Ze geven namen aan de voorwerpen uit de winkel en hun denken wordt steeds complexer. Zo weet het kind op den duur dat wanneer je iets koopt dat je daarvoor geld moet in de plaats geven. Nog later wordt er zelfs een bepaalde hoeveelheid aan een voorwerp toegekend. Een ander voorbeeld is moedertje spelen. Het kind leert waarvoor voorwerpen dienen zoals een fopspeen, papfles, luier e.d. en leert de voorwerpen ook op een juiste manier manipuleren. Kinderen die vb. een speelgoedstofzuiger hebben thuis leren die ook gebruiken voor de juiste handelingen. Opmerkelijk hierbij is wanneer oudere kleuters door hebben dat bepaald speelgoed niet voldoet aan de werkelijkheid. Vbn. hierbij: een auto waarbij de deurtjes niet open kunnen, een pop waarvan de benen niet kunnen plooien of een brandweerman waarbij de hoed ontbreekt. Kinderen met autisme kunnen op deze foutjes sterk gefixeerd worden en zo heel wat stress ondervinden. Het kind met autisme die dan ook nog eens een type 2-kind is, kan heel wat moeite ondervinden met het benoemen van speelgoed of het herkennen ervan. Soms weten ze niet waarvoor iets dient of wat ze ermee kunnen doen. Ze kunnen zich moeilijker bezig houden met het materiaal. Op die manier wordt de cognitie ook niet of weinig gestimuleerd en leert het kind geen verbanden leggen. Dit kan erg nadelig worden naar de zelfstandigheid toe in de toekomst. Bij het spel wordt ook de motoriek verbeterd. Het kind moet zich verplaats om iets te grijpen, het springt, loopt, manipuleert, kleurt, . zowel fijne, grove als gerichte motoriek worden gestimuleerd. Geà ¯llustreerd met enkele voorbeelden zoals juffrouw spelen en garagist zien we dat het kind veel in beweging is. Het deelt boekjes en potloden uit of rijdt met autootjes rond. De juf zal op het bord iets schrijven (grove kleutertekening) en de garagist zal zijn autos mooi parkeren in de garage. Het kind leert doegericht te bewegen om autos te nemen en mooi te plaatsen waar het wil. Het voorbereidend schrijven kan deels geoefend worden door het eerste voorbeeld. Net zoals bij de stimulatie van de cognitie zien we ook bij de motoriek dat het kind met autisme geremd wordt. Het doelbewust bewegen verloopt niet vlot of levert weinig resultaat op. Het kind weet niet goed wat te doen of weet met zichzelf geen houding te nemen. Daarbij komt dat er veel kleuters met autisme zijn die ook een motorische beperking hebben. Naast de voorgaande worden ook heel wat sociale vaardigheden geoefend tijdens het spel. Het kind leert vriendjes in het spel betrekken, het leert met andere woorden samen spelen. Het kind moet materiaal gaan delen of leert vragen naar speelgoed. Het leert vriendjes maken, leert fair zijn tegenover andere kinderen, communicatie wordt geoefend en het kind leert zichzelf uiten tegenover anderen. Onder communicatie kunnen we het taalbegrip situeren, maar ook het durven aanspreken van anderen, de mimiek en andere lichaamstaal. De kleuter leert het aangeleerd gewenst gedrag stellen tegenover andere kleuters. Ook op dit punt kunnen we enkele zaken opmerken bij de kleuter met autisme. De sociale vaardigheden laten vaak te wensen over. Het kind is niet in staat om op een normale manier contact te maken. Het weet zich niet op een gepaste manier te gedragen. Soms blijft de spraak ook uit, wat het allemaal nog moeilijker maakt. Het kind kijkt een ander bijna niet aan, kan zich moeilijk verplaatsen in wat die andere wil en kan zichzelf moeilijk duidelijk maken. Het contact nemen verloopt niet spontaan en is eerder aangeleerd of gekopieerd van volwassenen en andere kinderen. Naast deze punten is het fantasiespel noodzakelijk voor de ontwikkeling van het probleemoplossend vermogen. Ik gebruik het woord noodzakelijk a.d.h.v. volgende veelzeggende voorbeelden. Willen we nu even de foutjes van bij de cognitieve stimulatie nemen, dan merken we op dat het kind met een normale ontwikkeling deze gemakkelijk oplost. Het beeld zich in dat de deurtjes van de wagen wà ©l open gaan en dat er passagiers instappen, het denkt zelf een hoed op de brandweerman of verzint er een verhaaltje bij over een erge wind waardoor de brandweerman zijn hoed verloren is. Deze aspecten zijn helemaal niet storend voor het kind met een normale ontwikkeling. Het kan deze tekortkomingen gemakkelijk oplossen met wat fantasie. Deze fantasie is ook bij de meeste spelletjes aanwezig. Vb. postbode spelen, het kind verplaatst zich in de postbode en gebruikt een creatieve manier van denken om het spel in gang te steken. Het gebruikt papiertjes en krabbelt er wat op om brieven te hebben, het pla kt er stickers op als postzegels en stempelt met een stempel van op papas werk. Een ander voorbeeld is wanneer het kind het spel van garagist projecteert naar zichzelf. Het kind wordt zelf de garagist en speelt niet met een figuurtjes met deze rol. De driewieler wordt een splinternieuwe auto of een supersnelle moto. Het voorstellingsvermogen werkt voortdurend. Bij het kind met autisme verloopt dit echter terug heel wat moeilijker. Het kind beschikt niet over dit probleemoplossend vermogen en kan zo geen spel starten. Het botst op problemen die het niet weet op te lossen. Het kind lijkt steeds naar een uiterste toe te gaan. Enerzijds merken we kleuters op die geen rol van een ander op zich kunnen nemen. Ze kunnen zich als het ware niet inleven in die andere persoon. Ze weten niet hoe die denkt of kan denken en wat de andere voelt. Anderzijds zijn er ook kinderen die in het fantasiespel niet kunnen begrenzen. Ze verplaatsen zich in een ander maar nemen dit zo sterk op dat ze er zelf in gaan geloven en kunnen op die manier moeilijk terug afstand van die rol nemen. Spelen is ook goed voor de zelfontplooiing. De kleuter legt onbewust de eigen ervaringen in het spel, het speelt vb. een situatie uit de klas na. Het kind kan vb. straf gekregen hebben van de juf omdat het fout gedrag stelde en geeft dan in het spel ook straf aan een kind. Het is natuurlijk mogelijk dat de jonge kleuter nog niet goed beseft of gewoon niet meer weet waarom het straf geeft. Dit ontwikkeld zich meer naarmate de kleuter ouder wordt. Spelen is dus belangrijk bij de verwerking van dingen. Daarnaast wordt de persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling ook gestimuleerd op vlak van het eigen kennen en kunnen. Het kind leert het eigen lichaam kennen en krijg een zelfbeeld. Het zelfbesef zorgt ervoor dat het kind in staat is om zijn eigen grenzen te leren kennen en daarmee om te gaan. Het kind weet wat het kan en wat niet en probeert het kunnen uit te breiden of legt er zich bij neer dat het nog te klein is voor bepaalde dingen. Het kind leert als het ware omgaan met frustraties. Verder leert het kind ook zaken plannen en organiseren. Het maakt vb. alles klaar voor het spel winkeltje. Het maakt afspraken over wat er te koop zal zijn en wat niet. Het leert beslissingen nemen en inzicht krijgen in het belang ervan. Het kind wordt steeds zelfstandiger in het denken en doen. Kinderen met autisme zijn erg beperkt in het spel waardoor ook de zelfontplooiing deels geremd zal worden. Het verwerken van negatieve of positieve ervaringen verloopt vaak moeilijk omdat ze niet over het vermogen beschikken om te spelen. Ze kunnen moeilijker dingen een plaats geven in hun persoonlijkheid. Ze leven meer in een eigen wereld en nemen de wereld rondom hen niet zo nauw waar. Ze willen alles constant houden en verleggen weinig grenzen. Ze kunnen zichzelf moeilijker stimuleren in het ontdekken van nieuwe dingen. Dit alles maakt het voor de kleuter met autisme heel wat moeilijker om te leven in onze wereld. Belangrijk aandachtspunt bij het spelen bij kinderen met autisme is dat het spelen in het MPIGO op een lager niveau plaatsvindt daar de kinderen met autisme heel wat problemen ondervinden op de verschillende vlakken. Vanwege deze reden wil ik het spelen ook tijdens het aanbrengen van rekenvoorwaarden gaan aanbrengen. Het is de bedoeling dat ze iets mee kunnen nemen naar huis (in gedachten) en dus gaan leren spelen. Praktijkgedeelte In het MPI Sterrebos Het MPI Sterrebos besteedt zeer veel aandacht aan een goede aanpak voor kinderen met autisme. Dit is echter niet zo vanzelfsprekend. Geen enkel kind met autisme is gelijk aan een ander. Er wordt voor elk kind een behandelingsplan opgesteld, afhankelijk van de behoeften van het kind. Structuur blijft doorheen alle schooljaren een belangrijk punt waar steeds opnieuw aan gewerkt wordt. Dit om de ontwikkelingskansen van elk kind maximaal te benutten. Er wordt steeds een evenwicht gezocht tussen hoofd-hart-handen zodat een realistisch beeld gevormd kan worden over de eigen mogelijkheden en om tot de aanvaardig van de eigen ik te komen. Dit gebeurt d.m.v. cognitieve, affectieve en psychomotorische vorming. Nog een belangrijk punt is de stimulering van de nieuwsgierigheid. Het MPI biedt de kinderen ruime activiteiten aan en beschikt over heel wat materiaal om nieuwsgierigheid uit te lokken. Dit kan leiden tot een betere ontwikkeling van de intellectuele mogelijkheden. De kleuters die moeilijkheden ervaren worden steeds individueel benaderd om deze in de mate van het mogelijke te verhelpen. Naast deze individuele benaderingen zorgt het MPI Sterrebos ook voor speelleerklassen: kleine structuurklassen die via spelen de kinderen iets bijbrengen. Goede leer- en werkattitudes (zoals vb. taakgerichtheid, afwerking, tempo, ) worden geà ¯ntegreerd als voorbereiding op een volgend leerjaar. Dit is ook nodig om de wiskundige aspecten te bevorderen. In de structuurklassen wordt er typologie-overkoepelend gewerkt. Deze aangepaste manier van onderwijs is nodig om te leren omgaan met de triade van communicatieproblemen, het sociaal anders zijn en problemen met verbeelding. Kinderen met autisme zijn vooral visuele denkers, vandaar dat het MPI zeer veel werkt met pictogrammen en andere visualisaties. Om de kinderen zo goed mogelijk te onderwijzen is de aanpak van het MPI gestoeld op het TEACCH-programma. Verschillende ontwikkelingstypes bij de kleuter met autisme Bij kleuters met autisme in het MPI komen vooral type 2 en type 4 voor. Kleuters van het type 2 kinderen zijn kinderen met een matige tot ernstige mentale retardatie. Ze hebben een IQ tussen 50 en 20. Kleuters van het type 4 zijn kleuters met motorische problemen, maar bij kinderen met autisme zijn die vaak psychomotorisch ten gevolge van hun autisme. Op de kleuterleeftijd kan nog geen type 1 vastgesteld worden, vandaar dat er enkel over type 2 gesproken wordt bij de kleuterleeftijd. Pas op latere leeftijd (lagere schoolkind) kan er meer gespecificeerd worden naar type 1 of type 2 na een intelligentietest. Deze typetoekenningen bij kleuters met autisme zijn vooral gebaseerd op die van het MPI Sterrebos en kunnen in vergelijking met andere scholen dus verschillen. 2 Voorstelling MPI Sterrebos Het Medisch Pedagogisch Instituut Sterrebos is buitengewoon basisonderwijs van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap voor kinderen van kleuter- en lagere schoolleeftijd. Deze onderwijsvorm is aangepast voor kinderen die zich niet kunnen handhaven in het gewoon onderwijs. In het MPI worden deze kinderen extra begeleid. Het MPI biedt onderwijs op kleuter- en lager onderwijsniveau, voor kinderen van 3 tot 13 jaar. Er wordt ondersteuning geboden voor type 1, 2, 4, 8 en voor kinderen met autismespectrumstoornissen. Op kleuterniveau kunnen we enkel de types 2 en 4 aanduiden en ASS. Er is een aangepast project voor kinderen met autisme: De Leeuwtjes waarin getracht wordt het kind individueel te begeleiden met de nodige structuur en veiligheid. Het MPI werkt hiervoor multidisciplinair. Het onderwijs wordt steeds aangepast aan de opvoedingsbehoeften van de kinderen. Daarnaast is er het geà ¯ntegreerd onderwijs waarbij sprake is van tijdelijke of blijvende (re)integratie van leerlingen van het BSO. Dit gebeurd op kleuter- en lager onderwijsniveau. Vanuit het MPIGO wordt er orthodidactische en paramedische begeleiding geboden. Binnen het MPIGO is er speciale aandacht voor de sociale vaardigheden (ik en de andere) en de metacognitieve aspecten (via spelend leren). Er zijn enkele belangrijke benaderingswijzen opgesteld voor kinderen met autisme. De eerste is het helpen bij het inzicht krijgen van de autismespectrumstoornis. Daarvoor wordt een werkmap gebruikt van Peter Vermeulen -> -> boek ik ben speciaal psycho-educatie, leren inzicht krijgen in autisme. Door Sherborne-activiteiten wordt de bewustwording van het eigen lichaam en de ruimte rondom in de hand gewerkt. Deze activiteiten worden gegeven door de kinesiste die zich bijschoolde.

The Physics of an AM Radio :: Physics Radio Papers

The Physics of an AM Radio It’s was a beautiful sunny morning and Bill just kissed his wife goodbye and headed out the door on his way to work. As Bill got into his car he realized that he missed the Utah Jazz game the night before because of a late business meeting and fell asleep before the news came on so he couldn’t catch the highlights or even the score. He remembered that he could catch the rundown on AM frequency 930 (Sports News Radio). Many people enjoy listening to AM radio because of how convenient it is to listen and catch up on the sports, weather or just enjoy the entertainment of listen to Rush or Dr. Laura, but are much like Bill and don’t have any idea how the signal that carries these programs is sent or even received. In an attempt to understand this process, Bill confronts a part time employee who is currently studying electronics and has a basic knowledge of how the AM radio found his car or even his home works. Almost all AM radios work under the same basic design. There are two very simple yet very important things that make AM radio possible. What are these things? A transmitter(the station) and a receiver(the radio). THE TRANSMITTER Each radio station that desires to have a frequency(signal) on AM radio must notify the FCC and are assigned a frequency that they can use to send their information out on. The very first part of the transmitter is a quartz crystal. This is used because it is very stable and efficient which is important because there are certain laws and guidelines that the stations must abide by. They cannot go over or below the assigned frequency by more than 5K hertz, making a bandwidth of 10K hertz. After the quartz crystal, is an oscillator where the actual physics of the transmitter comes in. The oscillator is made up of a variety of electronics components including an operational amplifier and a combination of resistors and capacitors. Resistors are defined as-The impedance to the flow of electric current. The resistance is equal to the voltage across the object divided by the current through it. Measured in volts per ampere, or ohms.(Physics, A World View 513) Current is defined as-A flow of electric charge. Measured in amperes. (Physics, A World View 513) A combination of a resistor and capacitor in series or parallel is called a filter.

Staging Hamlet for a Modern Audience Essay -- Shakespeare Hamlet

I do not agree with the comment of Hazlitt:   'There is no play that suffers so much in being transferred to the stage'  Ã‚   Based on performances I have seen and other plays by Shakespeare, I think this is one of his better plays as it does not stick to guidelines.  Ã‚   Although a long play, it has a depth to it, that, if transferred to the stage well, is transformed from a long and winding script to a fascinating play filled with suspense and the emotions of the characters run high.   'Hamlet', nonetheless is a challenging script and Hamlet himself can either create the play, or destroy it, he is the key element.      To fascinate the audience from the outset you need to examine the setting that Shakespeare describes throughout the script.   For in order to create the atmosphere that is in the book you have to overcome the challenges set out, for example the many different sets in the play, the castle, the battlements, Ophelia's bedroom, and the grounds. The sky is important in 'Hamlet' for the stars and Greek Gods were the interest of the time.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   'This most excellent canopy, the air, look you, this brave o'erhanging firmament, this magestical roof fretted with golden fire- why, it appeareth nothing to me but a foul and pestilent congregation of vapours.      The difficulty of including all the settings for each scene on stage can be solved by a backdrop or sky cloth painting which has perspective, drawing the audience in.   The sky can be painted high on a separate curtain which can roll up or down in order to be able to change the time of day, for example, one of a sunrise and another of the stars and... ...empty corridor, dissolving into a Pepsi machine! But the moment is not a visual joke but a creepy reminder of him being omniscient in the play.   This would be an effective way of playing him on stage, walking from room to room in the castle to show his restless soul.    'Hamlet' is a challenging play which has been produced many times in many different ways.   The ideal 'Hamlet' would be one which combines the old with the new and illustrates the depth and feelings of hamlet through the set whilst creating the characters as the reader sees them whilst reading the script.   Everyone sees the ideal 'Hamlet' differently and it would probably be impossible to create one which everyone would love, but to satisfy most I would create all that I have mentioned and create my 'Hamlet' from modern productions and ideas from the text.   

Two Themes of George Bernard Shaw’ s Plays “Arms and the Man”

Arms and the Man is one of George Bernard Shaw†s successfully written plays that have become predominant and globally renowned. Shaw†s play leads itself to two themes that people can relate to, which are the importance of war and the essentials to true love and marriage. These themes are interwoven, for Shaw believed that while war is evil and stupid, and marriage desirable and good, both had become wrapped in romantic illusions which led to disastrous wars and also to unhappy marriages. 1 The theme of war applies itself into the plot within the first few pages of the melodrama, when the Bulgarians are at war with the Serbs. Romance is portrayed by the humorous and ironic relationships of Raina, Sergius and Bluntschli. Unfortunately, due to society†s lack of comprehension and failing to learn from our past errors, we are destined to repeat the majority of them. Another act of ignorance found in this play is the attitude of the Petkoffs towards their material advantages and their possessions of wealth, bringing them personal superiority. Arms and the Man is â€Å"as fresh and up-to-date today† as when Shaw first produced his play in 1894. 2 War is an unfortunate condition that exists when a group feels its vital interests are at stake and seeks to impose its beliefs or control on a rival group through the use of overt force. Shaw was a socialist and an ardent pacifist. 3 He did not agree to the idea of war, and he wrote about it to warn us, future generations, not to commit the same crime. The romantic view of war (he held) is based on the idealistic notation that men fight because they are heroes, and that the soldier who takes the biggest risks wins the greatest glory and is the greatest hero. Raina had imagined war as an exciting sport; after talking with Captain Bluntschli, one of the defeated, she now sees it as a dreadful reality. 5 Sergius, too, has learned something of the realities of war, and is so disgusted by them that he has sent in his resignation, saying ‘Soldiering†¦ is the coward†s art of attacking mercilessly when you are strong, and keeping out of harm†s way when you are week. â€Å"6 This theme of war helps Shaw†s Arms and the Man to continue as a fresh and current play, as it was in 1894. The battle of Slivnica was remarkable mainly for its surprise ending wherein the Bulgarians defeated the invading Serbians much more by good luck than good management, and went to ally themselves with Austrian Hungary thereby bringing World War I one small step closer. 7 Many other wars have taken place since then, and yet man has still to learn that war is not the answer. The romance in the play is portrayed by the humorous and ironic relationships of Raina, Sergius and Bluntschli. In Arms and the Man Raina Petkoff intends, at the time the play opens, to become the wife of Major Sergius Saranoff, who is then away fighting the Serbs. News has come home to Raina and her mother that Sergius has ridden bravely at the head of a victorious cavalry charge, and Raina rejoices because she can now believe that her affianced is ‘just as splendid and noble as he looks! That the world is really a glorious world for woman who can see its glory and men who can act its romance! † In the opening scene of the play, after adoring Sergius† portrait, Raina goes to bed murmuring ‘My hero! My hero! † This is a romantic view of life, but then reality suddenly breaks in upon her. An enemy solider, Captain Bluntschli the â€Å"chocolate-cream soldier†, escaping from gunfire in the Bulgarian countryside, scales the balcony of a mountain estate and lands in the bedroom of a young woman whose father and fiance are fighting on the front. He is desperate through exhaustion and fear, and Raina sneers at him. Nevertheless, when the pursuers come to search the house, Raina hides the fugitive and denies having seen him. She also feeds him chocolates, they are his passion; he carries them – like all professional soldiers, he says – into war instead of bullets. Bluntschli is Shaw†s affectionate parody of a Swiss pragmatist, level-headed and unemotional. It amuses Shaw to discombobulate him by placing him, initially, in a situation where his reasonableness cannot help him much. Raina no longer thinks of war as a romantic game, nor does she any longer think of marriage as the mating of a beautiful heroine and a ornamental and fickle Sergius. She takes as her husband the plain Bluntschli, whose common sense and six hotels in Switzerland will give her stability and comfort. The realities of love and marriage become one of the most frequent themes in Shaw†s plays throughout the remainder of his long life. 9 The complexities of love and marriage has not changed much over the years. For example, love and relationships were just as obscure in 1894 as they are in 1998. This makes Shaw†s play recent and the issues it deals with are understandable. Shaw believed that it was foolish to act as though the possession of wealth, or any other material advantages, is a sign of personal superiority. People may not any longer think it impressive to have an electric bell in the house, but there are countries nowadays where families with television sets and motor cars feel just as stupidly proud as the Petkoffs did with their bell and library. 10 Many people world-wide today consider themselves above others and look down on those with less materialistic possessions, as if they were inferior. Having more materialistic possessions and wealth does not necessarily mean it will bring you happiness, this is not the reality of life at all. As a mater of fact, those with less materialistic treasures tend to live a happier and peaceful life. This is because their efforts are not concentrated on wealth but rather on family and friends who support each other. Money and wealth can control a person to become greedy and require more. It is much better to live a life of harmony and peace, blessed for what to have, than to live worrying about the things that you do not have. That is a lesson Shaw is trying to teach us. We should learn from the Petkoffs and acquire a better attitude towards life and its materialistic treasures. If history repeats itself, and the unexpected always happens, how incapable must Man be of learning from experience? † – George Bernard Shaw. Furthermore, Arms and the Man is â€Å"as fresh and up-to-date today† as when Shaw first produced his play in 1894. Shaw†s play leads itself to two themes that people can relate to, which are the importance of war and the essentials to true love and marriage. The theme of war applies itself into the plot within the first few pages of the play, when the Bulgarians are at war with the Serbs. Romance is portrayed by the humorous and ironic relationships of Raina, Sergius and Bluntschli. Shaw believed that it was foolish to act as though the possession of wealth, or any other material advantages, is a sign of personal superiority. Moreover, Arms and the Man is a successful play and will continue to prosper due to the nature of its themes, war and romance being contemporary with today†s society. Perhaps Shaw's best ability might have been his ability to attract attention to himself, his ideas, and his works. This ability never failed him.

The Manager as a Systems Thinker

Introduction Managing an organization is no easy job. There are a lot of factors that should be taken into account—processes, procedures, people, raw materials, and accountabilities among others. Given this complexities, managers tend to view their role as that of the maintenance officer trying to make everything run given the schedule and agreed upon goals within the organization. The complexities of the management process is even confounded by the difficulties in the communication process brought about by conflicting ideas and personalities of different people, as well as by new trends and issues arising in the society. In this regard, advances in telecommunications and other technologies also pose a challenge to the processes used to be followed by the manager in particular and by the organization in general. Problems and challenges occur in different areas of the organization in the same way that a machine may break down every now and then. Managers, however, in fixing these problematic areas, tend to focus only on the particular area where the problem occurred. The other extreme position is to focus on the big picture too much without going down to the level of the details and trying to understand what made such an area malfunction (Reed, 2006). The whole picture, however, is more than just the sum of the individual parts. When these individual parts come together to help achieve a goal or establish a process, they cannot be easily broken down into the component parts. As such, the system takes on a life of its own and may even dictate the future direction that the organization may take in the future (Ryba, 1996). The Role of the Manager Traditionally, managers are seen coordinators and a kind of director that monitors everything going on within the organization. If anything goes wrong, he should be there trying to fix things and making sure that they get back on track to make things going again. Such a role of the manager, however, is limited to trouble-shooting and monitoring. It does not capture the breadth and depth of what truly goes on in the management process. Thankfully a lot of authors have looked into a more holistic view of the manager. After all, the manager is not a firefighter that is only present whenever something or somebody is on fire. Rather, the manager also is a leader in the sense that he sees what is going on, and he foresees where the trends and circumstances are leading the organization. As such, the manager is a proactive leader that takes the necessary precautions and steps to ensure that the different aspect of the organization is ready to take on the challenges brought by the external and even the internal environment of the organization. The twenty-first century is the century that information and knowledge took center piece in the economy. Handling knowledge and information is now as important as managing the assembly line. In my own experience, management is more than just monitoring and implementing projects. Rather, a manager is also a thinker who takes into consideration the overall situation of the organization and how it can survive given the difficulties and challenges it is facing. The manager does some tweaks here and there but on the whole, he takes into consideration how the whole system can work better. Personal Experience of Managing Using Systems Thinking A recent personal experience in management occurred to me. The manager, although a friend of mine, was complaining about the low level of output from some members of the organization. Up to a certain degree, he was right. There were two people who were simply not meeting the standards that the company has set—these people did not meet their sales quota, which of course, affected the performance of the whole team. What the manager did was in step with systems thinking. Instead of going directly to the two persons and scolding them for their poor performance, he observed them keenly and tried to understand the situation. After several days of observing them and their work patterns, he also conducted informal chats with other members of the team regarding work processes and dynamics. By the end of the month, he called for a meeting to address the level of the performance as well as some of the issues that he was able to uncover. As it turned out, there were personal differences between the two persons and it was affecting their level of performance. The manager, however, did not only focus on that, but he also looked into the settings in the office and the way that work flows were designed. He elicited several suggestions for a more dynamic and responsive work flow from the team members. After that, he led the team members into a brainstorming of several ways of addressing the issue of performance. Had he asserted his authority right away, he would not have secured the participation of everyone. But because of systems thinking, the team was able to identify the root causes of difficulties and challenges. Â  

Analyzing the Tragedy of Dr. Faustus

Alfonso Villarreal Mrs. Bohn World Literature Honors April 9, 2012 Analyzing the Tragedy of Dr. Faustus The struggle between good and evil is arguably the most significant theme in the play. This struggle is most evident within the main character Faustus. He is torn and undecided about whether or not he should repent for sinning and return to God or follow through with the contract he signed with Lucifer. His internal struggle lasts almost the entire play, as part of him wants to be good serving God while the other part seeks the power Mephastophilis promises. Metaphastophilis himself has mixed motives and symbolizes this theme.On one hand he pursues Faustus’ soul, intending to carry it to hell while on the other he persuades Faustus to reject the contract because of the horrors he would encounter in hell. This theme, mostly existing within Faustus, provides interest and intrigue as to wonder if whether or not the highly intellectual doctor will finally come to his senses and repent. The play would be significantly less enjoyable if it followed a less interesting man, a man who morally feels no regret in giving up any chance of a positive afterlife for temporary powers. This indecision within Faustus also provides the central drama of the play.The struggle between good and evil is best symbolized by the Good and Evil Angels. Each angel struggled to pull Faustus towards its side as Faustus himself struggled between his human reason or logic and his lustful desire for power. Good and evil battle once more when Faustus encounters the Old Man in the final scene. The Old Man is another symbol which replaces the Good and Evil Angels from earlier scenes. He persuades Faustus to repent and renounce his powers while it’s not too late. Marlowe uses mythological allusions in a rather clever way in this particular work.They provide the audience with a more interesting play and extends the limits of the play’s subject if even slightly. One of the most s ignificant allusions was one performed in Faustus’ visit to Charles V’s court. Charles V pleads Faustus to perform sorcery for him, an allusion of Alexander the Great and his lover. Faustus performs a simple trick and Alexander suddenly appears before the emperor’s eyes. The purpose of this allusion is to show another great feat performed by Faustus and one that certainly brings interest to one of the most powerful men in the world.Marlowe was in some aspects a Renaissance writer and his work was a product of the age. He uses these allusions in the play to illuminate the transition between old beliefs and new ideas and knowledge. This transition served as one of the essential elements in the movement and Marlowe applies it with ease in his great work. â€Å"What art thou, Faustus, but a man condemned to die? † (IV, v, 25) The quote above addresses many essential aspects of the play. One of these aspects is the struggle between good and evil, a theme repre sented most by Faustus and his indecision. This quote indicates this theme of the play more than any other.Yes, Faustus is speaking his most troubled thoughts. What is he if not a fool who sold his soul for a temporary power only to perish in an eternal fire? Again it is evident that he struggles with his two most important principles, his lust for power and his reason. He ponders whether or not he made the right choice. The fact that he even struggles with this is ironic at the very least. One of the most intelligent men of his time is too blind to see the horror in Hell. This quote is also significant in that it represents his tragic fall as his corrupt morality prevents him from repenting in time and ultimately dooms him to an eternity in Hell.